What is a verbal adjective: meaning and spelling

What is a verbal adjective? What is the difference between this part of speech and participles, formed, it would seem, in the same way? What does the origin of the adjective mean for the spelling of its suffix?

In order to answer these questions, it is necessary to determine the terms and what they designate.

It is customary to call an adjective part of speech, which stands for an independent feature of the subject. The words of this morphological group are either non-productive (their origin is not motivated by other lexical units), or they are formed on behalf of the noun (abacus).

Communion simultaneously combines the properties of adjectives and verbs. Their role in language is the designation of the sign due to the action.

The verbal adjective is a special word that, under certain conditions, can become a participle or express an independent attribute of an object. How is this possible?

To understand this phenomenon, it should be remembered that passive participles are formed solely from verbs of the perfect species. The action to which an object was subjected is complete, and now the result of this process is expressed by the participle:

• Overcooked fish - overcooked (Sov.v.);
• Painted fence - painted (Sov.v.).

The verbal adjective, resembling a passive participle, originated from the verb of the imperfect species. The action on which the feature is based is not complete. Therefore sending a specific characteristic to the process that has occurred with the object loses its meaning:

• Knitted sweater - knit (nesov.v.);
• Wicker basket - weave (nonsov.v.).

Such a sign breaks the connection with the form from which the verbal adjective originated, and now the word indicates the final state of the object, without taking into account its origin: "pencil", "ragged shoe", "pickled cucumbers".

The spelling of verbal adjectives is a stumbling block to Russian spelling. The problem is the distinction between homonymous parts of speech.

The students do not understand why both "n" and "nn" can be written in the same word:

• Ruble meat;
• Ruble meat with an ax.

In fact, everything is very simple. By default, suffixes of verbal adjectives, except for exceptions to "bound" and "yevannyi", are written with one letter "n". But with the appearance of dependent words or prefixes, this part of speech becomes passive participles, in the full form of which "n" by the rule doubles.

Let's compare:

• Noshe n dress (from the verb "to carry" nesov.vid, dependent words and prefixes are not present);
• Noshe nn ode (by whom?) The grandfather of the coat (there is a dependent word);
• The outer trousers (from the verb "to take" sov.visa, there is a prefix).

Of course, as in any rule of the Russian language, this algorithm has its own peculiarities. For example, under this rule, the word "wounded", formed from an unprimed verb of the perfect kind, does not fit.

Based on the rule governing the writing of two similar parts of speech, one can completely exclude spelling errors in the suffixes of these words.