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Suffixes of nouns: how to make friends with the rules of the Russian language

In a year to pass the exam, and I have problems with the Russian language: no suffixes of nouns are given in any way! What he did not do: the rules were crammed, he slept with the textbooks under the pillow, even Rosenthal's allowance in the school library was taken, but it's all useless. It seems I'll fail in the exam!

To sad thoughts often did not visit my head, I'll come to visit our honors pupil. Sveta is an intelligent girl, maybe she will help me learn how suffixes of nouns are written. Now I'll dial her phone number - and fight! Answered, at six o'clock in the evening the meeting appointed. I hope that she will teach me how to move the brain convolutions.

We are sitting with Svetka in the school locker room, textbooks were covered with notebooks, we argue that passing teachers are looking around, and friends in the corridor are having fun. Here I understand that it is necessary to yawn on the sides, but the rules of the Russian language to try on yourself.

It turns out that the suffixes of nouns -character and -square-, or rather, the rules for writing them, can be remembered using the alphabet. Imagine its beginning and remember the paired consonants of voicelessness-voiced: b-in, v-f, g-k, d-t, w-sh, s-s. The rule reads as follows: the suffix -chip-write, if the stem of the producing word ends in d-t, s-c, g (cut - carver, run-over - defector).

Compare with the above two paired consonant sounds. Did you catch the resemblance? True, there is one submarine stone: before the consonant sounds there should be a vowel sound, but if it is not there, then, be kind, write a word with the suffix "box" (asphalt-asphalt).

The suffixes of nouns -character and -square- do not lend themselves to the above rule, if the lexical meaning does not mean the kind of activity of a person or his occupation, for example, the herdsman is a profession, and the herd is a small herd of animals.

I even jumped with joy, when I realized that it is not at all difficult to distinguish between these morphemes. Then Sveta puzzled me with the question: "In which cases is the suffix -anque written?" I tried for a long time to recall this morpheme, rummaged through the manuals, searched for the appropriate words, but apart from the phrase "spacious bathhouse", nothing came to mind. With grief, opened the textbook and saw that there is no such suffix in modern Russian .

Sveta laughs: "With textbooks and manuals, you need to be friends to know the spelling of the noun suffixes." I understood, but what about the rest of the guys?

For my friend, for example, it is still not clear how to distinguish abstract (relative) nouns from verbs, if "t" is written at the end of both words. "On the issue, my friend," answers Sveta. - The suffix -ost-is for nouns that answer the question "What?" For example, real estate, anger. Verbs do not have such a suffix, and they answer all other questions, for example, to run (what to do?), To pay (what to do?).

How interesting, - I thought, opening the textbook on the twenty-second page. There it was told how not to be mistaken in writing combinations of the letters of the Inc and the suffix -enk. It turns out that Inc. - these are two morphemes that look like this, if in the nouns of the feminine gender before the formation of the new word there was a combination of in (a): a crossbeam - a crossbeam, but a Frenchwoman - a Frenchman. The exception is only the word Gorlinka.

I will thank the light: tomorrow I'll buy her a box of chocolates and bring it as a gift for my training. Maybe she'll pull me up in mathematics?

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