What grows in the forest and who lives? Description of the spring and autumn forest

Do we know what is growing in the forest? It would seem a very simple question, but many are completely lost when they hear it. And if you complicate it? For example, ask what kind of forest is, and what animals and birds live in each of its types?

After reading the article you will know the answers to many questions about the species of the forest and its inhabitants, as well as about plants and trees. And in the last section we will talk about dangerous inhabitants of the forest.

What is a forest?

Before you know what is growing in the forest, it does not hurt to determine what the forest is all about.

As soon as the forest is called various scientific sources. And an ecosystem, and "a place where trees grow," and a complex combination of different plants, and "the lungs of the planet." What is the most exact name? All the options in the aggregate will give the most correct answer. Let's try to formulate the definition of the forest. The forest is a place where trees and grass grow, birds and animals, insects and microorganisms live. All of them together constitute a complex ecological system, with food chains and co-habitation in one territory. Well, all this ecosystem together with a lot of such really is the lungs of our planet. And what function of lungs? The answer is simple - to breathe, to enrich the human or animal body with oxygen. This is done by forests, they clean the polluted air, release oxygen, which is very valuable and useful for us. Have you noticed how clean and fresh the air is in the forest? How pleasant and easy it is to breathe there? Therefore, walks in the forest are so useful in our time of development of industry and chemical industries.

What are the forests?

What grows in the forest depends also on the type of forest. It is not easy to choose any one feature for classification, because nature likes diversity. It is possible to divide the forests according to their "habitat" to the eastern, southern or equatorial, or according to their seasonal "behavior", for example:

• Evergreen (forests, trees in which they change their leaves like a human hair - the weak ones fall off, and new ones grow in their place).
• Deciduous leaves (those whose leaves fall for the winter, and in the spring they grow new ones).
• Conifers (those in which coniferous trees grow - firs and cedars, pines and cypresses).
• Mixed, or semi-deciduous.

We will talk about deciduous and coniferous forests, and also tell you about the pine forest and its inhabitants. In each forest there are plants and, accordingly, inhabitants. Flora (that is, the plant world) is also unique for each species.

Inhabitants and plants of coniferous forest

Coniferous forests are often called taiga. These are harsh evergreen taiga houses for many animals. Inhabit here animals with luxurious fur. Otherwise they would just freeze, as the winter in the taiga is very long, snowy and severe, and the summer, although warm, but short enough.

Here, on the snow-covered branches of fir trees and cedars, you can see a shishkary (which got its name because it feeds on cones, splitting them with its unusual beak at the cross) and large wood grouses with huge feathers. From small animals there live fluffy chipmunks and ermines, insanely beautiful sables, whose fur has always been very much appreciated. Inhabitants in the taiga forests are a beautiful lynx, a huge brown bear and large moose, and also a rather rare wolverine.

The plant world of taiga forests is not rich. The upper tier consists of coniferous trees - majestic cedars and cypresses, junipers, larch and pine. And, of course, ate. Yelochka in the forest, from the famous song, most likely, was born in this very taiga.

Of the herbs, not many species grow here, and they, more often than not, are not found in other forests. All because the upper tier of the forest is very high and passes a little sunlight, so survive in these conditions except that unpretentious moss and lichen of different species. Separate attention should be paid to moss, there are a lot of them, they are luxurious and varied and feed their juicy stems of many animals even in winter, perfectly feeling even under the icy snow.

Who lives in a pine forest?

Pine Forest - Forest? Yes, this is a forest in which pines predominate. In their filling, these forests look like taiga. In addition to pine there grow wild garlic and bird cherry, aspen and blueberry, which is also called black raspberries. The coniferous-deciduous forest is the second name of the mixed pine forest.

Pines in such forests grow very tall and slender. It is due to the fact that they, like any tree, tend to sunlight, and are stretched upward to break through to the warm rays past the crowns of their brethren.

The pine forest is rich in mushrooms, which feel great on the soil, generously flavored with fallen pine needles. Under tall trees in a gentle grassy grass hides mushrooms and honey agarics, butter mushrooms and podberezoviki.

Unfortunately, clean pine forests are not too rich in inhabitants, because for them there are few forages. But in mixed forests there are many hares, wild boar and foxes. Roe deer and moose also find a good home here. In addition, we can see between the pines of serious hedgehogs and quick martens like lightning.

Who can be seen in the deciduous forest?

The deciduous forest is one in which trees and shrubs of hardwood predominate. Also, such a forest can be called deciduous, because by winter its leaves fall off, and in spring new ones grow.

Plants growing in the forest (herbs, flowers, berries) make up its lower tier. The middle tier is the bushes, and the high tier is the trees. Basically it is ash and elms, oaks and lindens, birch and alder.

In the grass (lower tier) and the soil, many small insects and their larvae live, as well as ubiquitous mice.

The animal world of deciduous forests is not very diverse, but interesting. His prickly hedgehogs, fast squirrels, foxes and wolves, wild boars and elks, forest martens and chipmunks, badgers and ferrets make up his. In the high crowns of trees, woodpeckers and goldfinches, nightingales and chizhiki grow their nests.

Forest berries grow here , the names and descriptions of which are worth knowing so as not to accidentally break the inedible berry and not poison yourself. Edible cranberries and strawberries here, you can also find blueberries and are no longer in the grass, but on the low-growing bushes of blackberries and mountain ash.

Deciduous forests account for about 25% of all forests in Europe, which is not small.

Autumn forest and winter forest

Autumn and winter are a bit of a sad time for the forest and its inhabitants. In the autumn, stocky animals collect supplies that will help them survive in winter. For example, squirrels store nuts, mice demolish grain burrows, animals that will go into hibernation, fat, that is, they eat hard - with a margin. This will help to not take them away for three long months while they sleep in their "homes."

Autumn is the time for harvesting. Mushrooms and roots, plants for herbals and useful, medicinal herbs and leaves, nuts, acorns and cones - all this "riches" ripens in the autumn.

The forest in winter is harsh and silent. You can not hear the songbirds, they flew to the south and will return only in the spring. Foliage does not make noise, except that the fallen leaves rustle under their feet. Singing birds can not be heard, most of them before the onset of colds flew away to warmer lands.

Mushrooms, berries and other forest good in winter, of course, can not be found, but to breathe the frosty air, enjoy a winter walk, to admire the trees in silver frost is very pleasant, and useful.

Spring and summer in the forest

Spring and summer are the best time for the forest.

Spring in the forest is a period of awakening from winter sleep and restoration of nature. In addition, it is in the spring, when the leaves have not yet fully blossomed, that the features of plants and shrubs can be well examined. Attention to those who are interested in nature, can attract kidneys. On different trees they can be of varying degrees of maturity. That is, in earlier trees we can see tender leaves in the bud, and on still "sleeping" - tight dark buds. In addition, when the branches are completely naked, there are more chances to see interesting but very cautious forest inhabitants.

There is still nothing to gather in the spring forest, of course. But this applies to berries, mushrooms. But useful roots and plants for transplantation can be excavated.

Animals in the spring also begin a new cycle of life. Some come out of hibernation (bears, hedgehogs), others seek a pair for the continuation of the family. Migratory birds return from warm countries, and the spring young forest slowly fills with birds' trills.

The summer forest appears before us in all its glory and richness of decoration. Rumble in the grass mice vole, on the stems crawling hard-working ants, and overhead fly angry and busy with their own affairs beetles and bumblebees. They are already ripening in the grass, blushing, like a precious ruby, strawberry berries. The summer forest is beautiful.

What does the forest give us?

What grows in the forest can be very useful and tasty.

Let's talk about the useful gifts of each of the types of forest we have examined.

Deciduous forest gives many kinds of edible mushrooms. There are also inedible in it, so you need to be careful, and do not pick mushrooms if you do not know them well.

There are berries in the deciduous forest too. In spring and summer it is strawberry, the autumn forest treats a ripe blackberry and a very useful dog rose. By the autumn forest nuts are also being sung - a delicious and, unfortunately, already quite rare delicacy.

Well, of course, medicinal plants, for example, yarrow, motherwort.

The taiga forest (or coniferous) is rich in pine nuts. They are very tasty, easy to digest and rich in nutrients.

Pine forest gives us such valuable and useful plants as thyme (it is from it make a tasty and effective cough syrup) and cladonia, which is also called deer lichen.

Dangerous forest dwellers

Despite the beauty of the forest, do not forget that it can be dangerous here. Before going to the forest, it is worth to learn about the possible dangers.

• Snakes. These dangerous reptiles conceal a serious threat to the health of negligent guests. There are they in almost every kind of forest. Therefore, if you are going to the forest, be sure to take care of the closed shoes of dense materials. It will protect your feet not only from a possible snake bite, but from punctures and scratches with sharp twigs.
• Spiders. They, like snakes, also live almost everywhere. The best defense against them is your caution. Go around the big lace of web.
• Ticks. They can be very dangerous and not only bring discomfort, but also seriously harm your health. All because some of them can be carriers of a terrible disease - encephalitis. Therefore, it is better, when going on a forest walk, to put on closed natural clothes, and at home carefully examine yourself and your relatives for the presence of ticks. If this harmful insect is found, it is necessary to consult a doctor. He will remove the tick, and his body will be sent for examination to make sure it is not encephalitic.
• Mosquitoes. It turns out that mosquitoes can also cause harm to health. Even if you are not allergic to their bites, it is better to treat open areas of the body (face, hands) with special sprays or creams.
• Wild bees and wasps pose a danger during the formation of swarms or in the accidental or deliberate destruction of their nests. For safety reasons, it is also better to use special means before going to the forest.
• Inedible mushrooms destroyed many lives of careless mushroom pickers. And those who survived after accidentally consuming them for food, can hardly boast of good health. Do not pick mushrooms if you do not understand their species well, and remember that even edible species can be poisonous if you rip them off in waste-contaminated places or near busy roads.
• Poisonous plants. In addition to mushrooms, in the forest you can meet dangerous plants. For example, we grow beautiful and mouth-watering "wolf berries". There are them, despite the external appeal can not, because it is fraught with serious poisoning and intoxication of the body.
• Wild boars. Wild boars are very dangerous animals. Especially aggressive can be females, which protect their pigs. If you saw the boarings of the brood in the forest, the optimal option or escape, or a tall tree, which will protect from an angry mom.
• Predators. Predatory animals do not live in all forests. Therefore, we will not dwell on them. Let's just say that it's better not to go to the forest where predators live, because at this time of the day they prefer to hunt.

Finally

The forest is a wealth of land that can not be overestimated. It gives us many useful plants, berries and mushrooms. It is also the home of many inhabitants: animals and birds, insects and microorganisms.

There are several types of forests: the most popular in our latitudes are deciduous, coniferous (which are often called tundra) and mixed. In each of them live their inhabitants, who are comfortable in precisely these conditions.

The forest changes its way of life at different times of the year. So, the forest in winter is beautiful and filled with fabulous charm, and in the summer - birdsong and delicious berries.

In spite of the charm of the forest, dangers may await the careless travelers. It's like poisonous plants, and snakes or insects. When going for a walk, you should pay close attention to your clothes and shoes, if necessary use repellents. This will help to maintain health and save you from many troubles.

The forest is the earth's lungs, it purifies the air, which is very useful. Spend more time in the forest, on picnics or walks - and this will have a positive impact not only on your health, but also on your mood. But do not forget about the rules of behavior. Do not break down young trees, do not destroy nests and bird nests and, what is very important, do not leave a mountain of garbage after your walk. It's not only ugly, but also dangerous for many forest dwellers that they can get hurt about cans and bottles or eat cellophane wrappers and die. Respect and love nature, if you want your life to be healthy.