The river Uda: description, photo

The Uda River, flowing on the territory of Buryatia, is one of the largest tributaries of the Selenga. The length is 467 km, the river basin area is 34,800 sq. Km. Km.

Name

The origin of the name is unclear, there are several versions: from the ancient Mongolian word for the willow, which grows in abundance along the coasts; From the tribe of Uduites, exterminated by the Mongols; From the Mongolian "Ude" - "noon", as, according to legend, the Mongolian horsemen first arrived at the unnamed river at this time of the day; Or from the Selkup word "ut" - "water".

The tributaries of the Uda River

The boa begins in the coniferous forests in the south-west of the Vitim plateau, at an altitude of 1055 meters. The main tributaries are Mukhey (93 km), Pogromka (44 km), Egita (55 km), She (173 km), Kudun (252 km), Kurba (227 km), Bryanka (128 km). The river flows in the south-west direction. From the source to the confluence of Ona, the riverbed passes through the hilly region of the spurs of the Vitim plateau, then the relief becomes more intersected, and the current flows among the low ridges (1200-1800 m), most of which are oriented in the northeast direction.

Parts of the river

The river Uda and Selenga (or rather, their basin) are elongated in a latitudinal direction and are evenly developed along both banks. According to the nature of the structure of the river valley, the channel and the conditions of the flow, the reservoir is divided into two sections: to the confluence of Ona and from its confluence to the mouth.

In the first section (261 km) the river flows along a hilly, overgrown forest, and in places of depressions - swampy terrain. The river valley is deep, slightly meandering, the width along the bottom increases from a half-kilometer in the upper reaches, up to 5-10 km at the end of the site. The slopes are quite steep, have a height of 50 to 300 meters, are made up of granites and other crystalline rocks. The Uda River flows through them. This territory is cut by streams of tributaries, dry beams and ravines, overgrown with forest and shrubbery. The width of the bed varies from 10 to 40-60 meters, the banks are steep and steep, with an average height of 1-2 meters, overgrown with bushes and trees (pine, larch, birch, poplar, willow) throughout.

On the second site (206 km) the valley of the river is floodplain and deep. The floodplain is mainly left-bank, two or three kilometers wide, in the Ulan-Ude region only 20-50 meters. It is very convenient fishing on the river Uda. The surface of the floodplain is heavily indented by numerous channels, old men and hollows. The width of the valley along the bottom is from 10-15 to 19 km, its slopes are steep, in the lower part are terraced, overgrown with dense coniferous forest. In the lower reaches, the slopes are lowered, breaking off steep ledges to the river floodplain. The Uda River has a winding and highly branched channel, except for the last seven kilometers. The width of the watercourse, on average, is from 70 to 100 m, the largest is 260 m. The rifts are located at a distance of one hundred meters to a kilometer from each other, the depth in these places does not exceed 0.7 m, on the reaches of a meter-and-a-half. The greatest depth is 3.2 m. The river feeds mainly on rain water, but in some years the water flow reaches 30% of the volume. Floods begin in the first half of April, reaching a peak at the end of the month, with the beginning of the ice drift. The water drops by the end of June.

Nature of the river

In summer and autumn, up to five rainfalls lasting from 20 to 30 days pass along the river. The highest level of water rise is observed in August-September. Once every three to five years, rains cause floods. Ledostav passes in the last days of October or the beginning of November, ice lasts 155-180 days, and in the upper course of the Uda completely freezes. The river is used for water supply, from the village of Onnoborskiy to the confluence of the Selengu, the rafting of the forest is made. Uda crosses the grounds of several sanctuaries. There are several villages along the lower course, and along both banks of the estuary is the Buryat capital, Ulan-Ude. The river Uda is rich in such kinds of fishes: grayling, tugun, taimen, pike, omul, burbot, because of which on the banks you can often see fishermen. In the forests of the Khorinsky district, hunting for moose, Siberian roe deer, wapiti, wild boar, lynx, and bear is especially effective.

Neighborhood

On the banks of the river there are settlements. The valley of the water flow is considered the most developed in Buryatia. The city of Ulan-Ude is located near the mouth and extends 20 km to the confluence of the main watercourse - Selengu.

Moreover, near the river there are several automobile routes. One of them, which has the index P436, leads from the capital of Buryatia to Chita. Its length is 200 km. The second, 30 km long, stretches from Ulan-Ude to Khorinsk. A highway that connects two roads connects the gap from Bryanka (Uda valley) to the mouth of Khudan.