Vortex pump: description of design, principle of operation and field of application

How to properly equip an autonomous water supply system or arrange watering from a well in the country? First of all, you need to choose the pump model. In addition to the water transportation function, it must be reliable, and its power must correspond to the parameters of the system. For surface installation, the vortex pump will be the optimum choice.

Application area

The main purpose of any pumping equipment is the pumping of liquid. Various mechanisms are used for this, which differ not only in design, but in the principle of action. Submersible centrifugal models can not always provide the proper level of pressure and speed of water transportation.

Surface vortex pump will be the best alternative, as it has a number of operational advantages:

• Compact housing combines good power performance.
• The self-priming function makes it possible to raise water from a depth of up to 12 m.
• The application of the principle of the formation of a centrifugal flow with the help of an ejector significantly increases the velocity of fluid movement.

The vortex pump can be installed at any distance from the water intake point - it is enough to choose the device of the required power. As an option , water level sensors, a voltage stabilization unit and an automatic start system can be connected to it.

Since their housing is liquid-permeable, often pumps are installed directly in the house or in a detached building. With temporary use, it is possible to install directly on the ground. But in this case, protection against possible atmospheric precipitation is necessary.

Design and function

Good performance and technical parameters that a vortex pump possesses would be impossible without the specific structure of the device. Structurally it consists of two main blocks - injection, for pumping water, and an electric motor. The latter is necessary for transferring the torque to the common shaft.

The body in the pump part has a spiral shape. A blade with blades is mounted on the motor shaft. When it is started, rotation occurs, as a result of which water fills the chamber. There is a centrifugal force, which creates an excess pressure of water in the peripheral areas. As a result, the liquid rushes into the outlet pipe. Due to the different distance from the center of the disc to the inner part of the housing, the effect of accelerating the movement of water along the pump contour occurs. As a result, the speed of movement and, accordingly, the value of the water column value are increased. The vortex pump qb 60, functioning according to these principles, is a vivid representative of models of this class.

Self-priming models

A separate category includes devices in which the method of creating an additional air cushion is used to improve performance . For this, the vortex centrifugal pump has a special air valve. When the engine starts, the blades begin to rotate. Simultaneously with the appearance of a centrifugal force, a depression occurs in the rear chamber of the device. Under the influence of external atmospheric pressure, air flows through the channels. They add additional fluid acceleration and simultaneously create a barrier preventing water from entering the engine.

Such a vortex centrifugal pump is capable, at small dimensions, to provide a powerful head of water with simultaneous regulation of its quantity. Self-priming models are installed in combination with a common system of autonomous cold water supply for automatic water supply from the well.

Installation and operation

In order for the vortex pump to function properly, it is necessary to install it professionally. At the first stage, the installation site is selected - it should be optimally located relative to the source of water intake and the final point of its transportation (home, irrigation area). Further, the arrangement is carried out, which includes the following steps:

• Creating a solid foundation. The best option is to install a small reinforced concrete slab or pour a concrete base. This is necessary to maintain the pump installation level. Even with a small deviation, his work may become unstable.
• Protection from external weather factors. Often, a canopy (for temporary installation) or a stand-alone structure (permanent location) is used for this. In the latter case, it is necessary to take care of the heating of the room, since the minus temperature can lead to the freezing of water and the breakdown of the station.
• Stabilization of incoming mains voltage. This will prevent equipment malfunction. To do this, establish a voltage regulator.

After the installation is completed, the tightness of all connections is checked, the actual head of the water volume is declared as declared in the pump's passport.

Tips for choosing

When choosing a certain model, it must be remembered that the vortex pump must perform two basic functions - to ensure uninterrupted supply of fluid from the well and at the same time to have a reliable design.

Many of the models presented on the market meet these parameters. But in order to choose the optimal one, it is recommended to adhere to the following recommendations:

• Optimal power factor and volume of pumped liquid. Depending on the needs, it is necessary to choose such a model that its technical characteristics fully correspond to the required ones - the volume of liquid from the well should not be less than the minimum consumption index.
• Calculation of pressure. It depends on the depth of the source of water intake and horizontal pipelines. These data are indicated by the manufacturer in the equipment certificate.
• Guarantee for the operation of the pump.

Taking into account these factors and applying a systematic approach, it is possible to choose the best suitable equipment model that will fully meet the requirements of the water supply system.