Types of plasters. Types of Venetian plaster. Types of plaster for interior decoration

Plaster is a building compound, which includes various astringent components and fillers, such as cement, sand, gypsum, lime. Plastering is one of the simplest and most common methods of leveling walls. In addition, with its help you can give the surface a different texture and texture, protect it from moisture and temperature changes, prepare walls for painting, etc.

Types of plasters

In order to be able to determine the amount of work to be done and orient in the variety of mixtures that are used for finishing, you first need to find out what kinds exist. There are infinitely many options for finishing with plaster. Different materials allow creating incredible interiors that are not inferior to other recognized ways of finishing. It is only necessary to show imagination to the owner of the premises and choose good decorators.

Kinds of plaster (photo look above) are classified, first of all, depending on the conditions for further use of the coating and the features of the surface on which the material will be applied. Also, the plaster can have a different purpose, composition and method of application. Plastering is a rather laborious process.

In general, there are several basic types:

• Ordinary, which is the basis, which in the future will need to be brought to readiness. You can glue wallpaper on it, paint it, glue it with some other materials. Depending on the performance, it is divided into high-quality, simple and improved plaster;
• Decorative. Its purpose is to design interior surfaces and facades of buildings. There are several types of solutions that can make the surface textured, embossed, colored;
• Special types of renders are designed to protect the surface. They are divided into waterproof, heat-insulating, X-ray protection solutions.

Classification of ordinary plaster

This type is used for finishing works not only indoors, but also for the facade. Such material can be of the following types:

• Simple plaster consisting of two layers. Apply it when plastering auxiliary non-residential premises, which do not require any special finishing. These include an attic, a cellar, various kinds of temporary structures, warehouses, etc .;
• Improved plaster. It consists of three layers (sprinkling, soil and cover). Apply it when decorating residential, industrial and public buildings, such as apartments, schools, hospitals;
• High-quality plaster. Its application takes place in several layers. Used for finishing buildings that have high requirements for work. It is used in theaters, museums, hotels, etc.

Depending on the way of performing the work, the following types of plastering of walls are distinguished:

• Wet plaster is a universal way of finishing various surfaces. Its advantages are the following: it is quite undemanding to high humidity, very firmly adheres to the surface, it is easy to apply. Its main drawback is the difficulty of preparing the solution, as well as the long period of its drying;
• Dry plaster is produced, as a rule, in the form of a variety of ready mixes that have their characteristics and are designed for use in specific conditions.

There are many different plaster solutions. Some of them can be based on cement, others - lime or gypsum. In addition, various additives and impurities are used, due to which the plaster acquires specific properties, such as sound insulation, water resistance, etc.

Decorative plaster

It is practically the most popular currently used wall and ceiling material used by professional designers and architects. Decorative plaster is able to give the room a special, unique and unique style. With its help, you can create a surface aging effect, artificial cracks, get a smooth glossy surface and much more. The application of decorative plaster is quite a difficult job and requires high skill.

Advantages of decorative plaster

Such types of plasters have many advantages:

• They are not afraid of moisture, so they are often used to finish the bathroom, shower, pool;
• Do not absorb odors, which makes it possible to use in the kitchen;
• Have good soundproofing qualities. Due to this, decorative plaster can be used in noisy rooms;
• Well retain heat, which saves on heating in winter;
• Easy to clean.

The types of plaster application depend on the tool used:

• Brush creates a uniform pattern or a homogeneous structure;
• Trowel put material and create a decorative pattern;
• Sponge can create a smooth transition and divorce;
• Brush and swab perform a pattern and structure.

Types of decorative plaster

The most basic and common types of plasters:

1. The Venetian. Its use makes it possible to create a simulation of the decoration of walls with valuable materials, for example, marble or malachite. If the work is done by all rules, it is usually very difficult to distinguish a fake. It is applied only by a special trowel made of stainless steel.
2. Structural. Its feature is that it has a heterogeneous structure. It includes special granules, having a different size, which make it possible to obtain the effect of "fur coats". If you use different sprayers for work, you can make a wide variety of drawings. It is usually applied with a metal or plastic trowel.
3. Invoice. Its main difference is plasticity, which makes it possible to form decorative elements.
4. Mineral water. In its composition are added all sorts of minerals: quartz, granite, marble, etc. It allows you to create spectacular natural textures.

Types of Venetian plaster

Currently, there is a huge number of different types of Venetian plaster. This is perhaps one of the most beautiful wall coverings, with which even a modest apartment can be turned into a posh apartment. Venetian plaster is able to organically supplement any interior. It can be matte, embossed, smooth, shiny, etc. The subdivision into species depends on the method of application of the plaster. Modifying the technique of application, you can achieve the most extraordinary effects.

Types of Venetian plaster:

• Calcareous (natural). It includes lime and water. It is applied quite hard, but it has a very beautiful texture and strong shine;
• Acrylic. This is a more durable material, applied more easily than lime plaster;
• With fillers. It is made on the basis of lime, in which mineral fillers, such as calibrated marble chips, mica, etc., are added.

The process of applying Venetian plaster is rather complicated, especially if it has never been used before.

Types of textured plaster

Decorative textured plaster makes it possible to form a rough layer on the surface of the walls. It is formed from a granular mixture, which is made on the basis of a binder and filler (granite, quartz, marble chips, wood, mica, sand, etc.). In addition, all possible additional components are added to the mixture.

This material makes it possible to achieve successful implementation of various design solutions. With the help of textured plaster, you can get a lot of original drawings. It can be tinted in any colors. A distinctive feature is increased strength, good heat and sound insulation, resistance to fire and variable humidity, durability and non-toxicity.

Textured plaster consists of a mixture of binding materials (both synthetic and mineral) and fillers (small pebbles, crumbs of minerals, cotton fibers, wood, flax and other similar materials).

Types of textured plasters are classified depending on the base used and the binding component.

1. Mineral plaster is produced as a dry cement mix. It includes special additives that make the coating more elastic and embossed.
2. Acrylic plaster as a binder has an acrylic resin. They release it already ready. This material is easily applied to the substrate.
3. Silicone plaster has a binder - synthetic resin. Its distinctive feature is its high plasticity, which makes the work much easier. Used in interior and facade work.
4. Silicate. The distinguishing feature of the finish is resistance to any impact, as well as versatility, since this material fits perfectly on almost all surfaces. As a binder, special liquid glass is added to it.

Plastering bark beetle. Types of mixtures

This decorative plaster is a mixture of different shapes and colors, in which are added small pebbles - granules. It is designed for decoration and decoration of premises, internal walls and facades of buildings. With the help of bark beetle it is possible to make a rather original surface, hide all defects and recreate different textures ("tree bark", "waves", "stones"). After its application, no additional treatment is required. Due to a wide range of colors and shades, you can easily pick the right option. The bark beetle is sufficiently resistant to negative atmospheric influences, has good mechanical strength, is not afraid of moisture. Its surface can be washed. Plastering bark beetle, the kinds of which exist the most diverse, is very beautiful and, most importantly, quality material. It is suitable for plastering both residential and public premises.

There are such kinds of plaster on sale:

• Dry mixtures in bags (polymer-cement mixtures with mineral fillers and modifiers). They are applied by a layer of white color, and then they are already painted;
• Ready mix in buckets (polymeric plaster). Its painting is done in special coloring machines, so the coating does not require further painting.

Types of facade plaster

At the present time, the thermal insulation system of building facades is increasingly used instead of the usual plastering. To the wall with fixatives and glue special heat insulation material is fixed, and on it - reinforcing mesh.

For the facing layer, a special facade plaster is used, which has a fairly simple application technology.

From the choice of its kind depends on how the room will look, because it is the face of the house. Making the right choice is very important. There are the following main types of facade plaster:

• Mineral;
• Acrylic;
• Silicate;
• Silicone.

All kinds of external plaster due to its unique composition can provide reliable protection of the external walls of the room from the negative influence of the environment for a long period.

Types of plasters for interior finishing

Plaster for interior finishing is the final and indispensable process in the construction. This solution, which is applied to the wall and serves, as a rule, the basis for other formation of coatings (wallpapering, staining, whitewashing). For this reason, it is very important to make the right mix for the final work.

There are the following types of internal plaster:

1. Cement. This type of finish, which is based on cement, can be used to decorate walls of any type of premises. This composition perfectly tolerates temperature changes, it is not afraid of strong humidity. Therefore, this material can be used in the bathroom or sauna, in unheated rooms. The application of the solution is quite easy, therefore it is not difficult to cope with this work on its own. In addition, the cost of such a coating is very low.
2. Gypsum. Plaster on this basis allows you to create a very even and thin layer, which can serve as an excellent basis for coloring. If desired, suitable tinting additives can be added to the gypsum composition. This composition dries very quickly. The main drawback is that it does not tolerate moisture.
3. Silicone. The mixture, the basis of which is silicone, has a good resistance to moisture, it is not afraid of ultraviolet, fungus, parasites. In addition, it is a very durable composition.
4. Decorative. Different compositions of these mixtures are used as wall decoration, give the surface a certain texture.

All types of plasters for interior walls can have a different purpose. They are used for leveling walls, smoothing roughnesses, depressions, chips. In addition, there are specialized mixtures that are designed to achieve different purposes. They protect the walls of the room from water, prevent heat loss, increase noise insulation or decorate the walls.