Types of foundations and their device

Any construction requires a foundation. The foundation is the foundation, without which the building will not last long. Therefore, such a supporting structure should be given special attention at the design stage. There are different types of foundations. If they are considered from the point of view of the depth of the embankment, then they distinguish highly buried, uneven and shallow foundations. In the modern construction of large buildings, the preference is given to a strongly deepened view.

Basic types of foundations

Depending on the structural features of the construction in our time erect foundations of several types: columnar, belt, tile, pile.

The columnar foundation type is one of the simplest and cheapest options. It is used for the erection of small buildings (baths, cabins, summer houses). The technology of laying such a foundation is to install columns of blocks along the perimeter of the building at a distance of 1.5-2 meters from each other. However, this type is not suitable for soils with high mobility. It is recommended to establish the column foundation on sandy soils.

Belt foundation blocks are made of special blocks, fastened together with a concrete solution. The erection of the tape block foundation is less time-consuming. Install the structure on sandy grounds under the building of wood.

Ribbon foundation monolithic shallow is used in the construction of wooden houses. On a unit of foundation area, a small load is necessary. This type provides good strength of the substrate.

Ribbon foundation shallow, superficial, monolithic surface is the most optimal option for soils. It has a low cost with a high strength foundation under the wooden house.

The pile foundation is characterized by the popular technology of erection. At the same time, time, physical labor, and material resources are saved. The foundation on stilts for special technology is characterized by an expanded sole, good bearing capacity. It is built on clay soils, loams, and soils. Can be used for building buildings on slopes.

Foundation of foundations

Before you start building the foundation of the building, you need to consider the types of foundations and choose the appropriate option. The solution of this issue depends on the material from which the walls will be made, on the mass of the entire structure of the structure, and on the properties of the soil. The foundation can be not only the foundation of the building, but also the role of seismic protection.

For the foundation, depending on the type of structure and destination, the following materials will be required: wood, stone, brick, concrete, reinforced concrete. Often in construction, a combined method of erecting a foundation is used, for example, prefabricated and monolithic. When constructing light structures (cottages, houses with a small number of floors), a shallowly buried monolithic foundation is advisable. The technology for erecting such a foundation consists in preparing a trench not more than 60 cm deep, installing metal fittings prior to the pouring of concrete. The erection of a monolithic structure does not require the use of sophisticated equipment, which saves costs.

Proper construction of the foundation in accordance with the norms of construction and technology of erection is a pledge of long-term operation of the building. The work should be entrusted to specialists. Calculations and design errors will negatively affect the quality of the foundation. To consult on the device and costs, discuss the types of foundations you can by visiting modern construction organizations in person or by contacting them through Internet sites.