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The volcano in Chile. List of active and extinct volcanoes in Chile
In Chile, many attractions and places of interest are deserts, lakes, glaciers, islands. The country is rich in national parks, monuments and exquisite architecture. But the volcano in Chile is a business card created by nature. Beauty during the eruption is fascinating, but it also brings a lot of destruction.
Education of volcanoes
On the surface of the earth's crust, on land and under water, there are geological formations - volcanoes. The eruption of the volcano is accompanied by the ejection of earth from the depths of the earth to the surface of magma, the motion of which occurs through faults of the earth's crust under the action of high pressure. On the surface, magma is converted into lava, volcanic stones, gases, pyroclastic flows. Lava can spill from the cracks of the earth's crust, forming lava fields, or through the vent of the volcano pour through the crater. Volcanoes adjoin to active sites of lithospheric plates. In the oceans, these are deep-sea trenches, and on land - mountain systems.
One of the states on whose territory there are many volcanoes is Chile. It is located in South America. Ochos del Salado - a volcano in Chile, located at an altitude of 6769 meters above sea level, is considered the highest in the world.
According to ancient Roman mythology, Vulcan is a god of underground fire, the patron of blacksmiths and artisans. According to legends, his smithy is located in the bowels of Etna's land, and the cyclopean giants help him. In Rome, he was given the cult of fire, erected temples outside the city, where the senate held meetings. In the name of the god Vulcan, the ancient Romans called the mountains, from which fire erupted and destroyed everything in its path. In honor of the deity, holidays were held every year - volcanoes. Celebrations were accompanied by sacrifices and games.
In Chilean mythology there is a spirit which, like the Roman god, brings misfortunes, and the eruption of a volcano in Chile It is connected with it. The spirit is called Pillan. He lives in the "house of spirits" - the volcano Villarrica.
Chilean volcanoes
The state of Chile has an elongated form. On its territory there are two mountain systems: the Andes in the east and the Cordillera in the west, stretched along the coastline. Through the country stretches the Pacific "fire belt", which includes a chain of volcanoes and a system of tectonic faults, the length of which sometimes reaches up to 40 thousand km. The peculiarity of the mountain system is that it contains a lot of active points in the earth's crust. In the list of volcanoes, Both extinct and active, includes approximately 2900 titles. The peaks above 5000 meters above sea level are covered with snow. The mountain landscapes of Chile consist of the alternation of mountain systems and cones of volcanoes.
High seismic activity is a consequence of the geological structure. The eruption of the volcano in Chile occurs very often, sometimes several times a year. The most active volcano in South America is Lyaima.
Volcanic activity in Chile continues today. There are more than 40 active volcanoes, some of them are located near the cities. The eruption is very spectacular, and many tourists come to see this action. In addition, in the mountains a picturesque landscape - snow peaks and lakes.
In Chile, active volcanoes are natural attractions, and tourist routes are laid for them. You can go up to the crater - see the smoke rising from it and smell the emitted gases.
There are about 270 thermal springs on the territory of Chile . Thanks to volcanic activity, most of the underground sources are of magmatic origin and the corresponding chemical composition.
Villarrica volcano
The volcano is located in the Villarrica National Park, its height is 2847 meters, at the foot of the lake and the town of Pucon. The volcano repeatedly erupted, and its last awakening occurred on March 3, 2015.
The top of Villarrica is covered with a glacier, and from its mouth a column of smoke constantly rises. This is the only volcano in Chile, at the bottom of the crater there is a basaltic lava lake. Sites include lava caves, their peculiarity is that the walls of caves are fragments of lava, which emerged in its time on the surface.
The volcano has a lot of vegetation, it is inhabited by animals. Here lives puma, South American deer, Chilean opossum, nosed skunks, nutria, South American fox. From the vegetation below you can find notafagus, at the top grow forests from coniferous Chilean araucaria.
On the volcano there is a ski resort with slopes and lifts, so here you can still go skiing and snowboarding.
Puyueu is an active volcano in Chile, it is located in the south of the country. Geographically it belongs to the southeast of the Andes and is part of the chain Puyueu-Cordon-Kaulle. The height of the peak above sea level is 2236 meters.
It is believed that the volcano appeared 300 thousand years ago, its last activity was recorded in 1960, since then it has not manifested itself. The last volcanic eruption occurred on June 4, 2011. It all began with an earthquake. In the earth's crust a crack appeared, from which the column of ash began to rise. The ash that escaped from the volcano covered the entire surface of Nahuel-Huapi Lake, located in Argentina. The eruption of the volcano influenced the development of flora and fauna, vegetation was preserved only at the foot.
Tupungato Volcano
The size and dimensions of volcanic massifs are varied. The largest of them is located in South America in the Main Cordelier of the Andes at the junction of the borders of the states of Chile and Argentina - this is the Tupungato mountain range. Volcano Is located 90 km from the city of Santiago - the capital of Chile. Its main peak has an absolute elevation of 6800 meters above sea level. This is the height of an extinct volcano. The active volcano is located to the south-east, and its peak corresponds to an altitude of 5,640 meters, has several craters in which activity is observed.
Parinacota volcano
On the territory of the natural Lauka National Park in northern Chile is Parinacota volcano. Its height is 6348 meters above sea level. The last time the activity of the volcano was manifested in 290 BC. The volcano is considered dormant. On its slopes there are streams of lava flowing about 8,000 years ago.
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