Individual approach to the education and upbringing of children

Before the education system there are many important tasks. But a special place among them is the search for such an organization of the process that would allow to form an individual approach in the upbringing and education of children. Only in this case it is possible for a child to obtain not only the necessary amount of skills, knowledge and knowledge, but also the development of his desire for self-knowledge and self-development.

Relevance of the topic

How important is the technology of individual approach in the education and upbringing of children? The answer to this question can be obtained if we recall that it is the person who is the highest value of our society. That is why so much attention is paid to the upbringing of each individual, the concern for the improvement of her qualities and the multifaceted development of abilities. All these tasks are priority for any state.

An obvious fact is the existence between individuals of individual differences. This is the answer to the question posed. An individual approach to the education and upbringing of the child is necessary because, with any pedagogical influence, the personal abilities of a person are being refracted through the changed "internal conditions". Without this factor, the process of education and training loses its effectiveness.

Definition of concept

The main goal of our society is the comprehensive development of all its citizens. The solution of this problem is possible only through revealing the creative potential of the individual, as well as the formation of her individuality, which is the highest level of development. After all, each person must certainly identify, that is, "fulfill" himself. And this is not only the goal of his life, but also the main task of society as a whole.

In addition, this form of education, as an individual approach to teaching, does not oppose such a principle as collectivity. And this is confirmed by scientific research. The "I" in a person takes place precisely because there is a "we".

Individual approach to education and upbringing is not a one-off event. They need to permeate the entire system that affects the child. In this regard, this approach can be called a general principle of upbringing of the younger generation.

Individual approach to education, as well as in education, aims to strengthen the positive character traits of the person and eliminate shortcomings in her behavior. Having sufficient pedagogical skills and making timely intervention, it is possible to avoid further such a painful and undesirable process as re-education.

Individual approach to training will require an adult to have a lot of patience, as well as the ability to correctly understand certain manifestations of the child's behavior.

Individual approach to teaching, as well as in upbringing is a component part of the pedagogical process. With its help, children are involved in active activities aimed at mastering the program material.

The essence of an individual approach

An appeal to a specific child's personality should be present in every link of educational and upbringing work with children of all ages. What is the essence of such an individual approach? It is expressed in the direct pedagogical influence on the child when solving common tasks facing the team. In this case, the teacher or educator must take into account the living conditions and mental characteristics of the individual.

We can safely say that the principle of individual approach to teaching, as well as in education is the main thing in pedagogical practice. In its implementation, an adult needs:

- to know and understand their pupils;
- to love children;
- be able to reflect and analyze;
- adhere to a thorough theoretical balance.

The teacher should always remember that the child is a self-directed subject of his own development. In this case, he always needs the support of an adult.

The implementation of an individual approach in teaching, as well as in education is impossible without taking into account psychophysical aspects. Let's consider these factors in more detail.

Level of intellectual development

This is the first aspect that should be considered when an individual approach is taken in the training of preschool children and students in general education institutions.

The teacher should study the level of mental development of the child. This is necessary for his further successful training. If this indicator has a high level, then the pupil will quickly perceive and comprehend the material, remember it well and reproduce it, and then keep it in memory longer. The obtained knowledge, in this case, will be successfully used in the performance of subsequent tasks.

Individual approach in the education of children and their upbringing, which is based on the level of mental development, is built by the teacher, taking into account the zone of his immediate impact. In this case, the adult should differentiate not the task itself, but the measure of the help that he offers the child. For example, some pupils not only produce this or that activity, but also explain the progress of its fulfillment to comrades. Others are able to perform the task, adhering to a certain algorithm. The third and at all require the help of a teacher.

Type of nervous system

This is the second aspect that must be taken into account when implementing an individual approach to the child. According to the conclusions made by modern researchers, the properties that are inherent in the human nervous system are genotypic in nature.

In other words, they are practically unchanged and stable characteristics of the personality. That's why you can not ignore this factor.
The main properties of the nervous system: mobility-inertia and strength-weakness.

Type of thinking

This is the third and rather important aspect that the educator must take into account when he will implement an individual approach in the learning process. Children, like adults, solve the tasks assigned to them in different ways. Some of them have an analytical mind. He finds his manifestation in verbal-logical abstract thinking. Another is easier to think in images. In this case, artistic thinking is manifested.

There are also people who have these two components in balance. In this case, we can talk about a harmonious mindset. The existing differences take place in connection with the functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres. This should be taken into account by the educator, when he will show an individual approach to the education of students or preschoolers.

So, children with a mind of the artistic type begin to comprehend any material only after the emotional inclusion. Initially, they rely on images and representations, and only then analyze all the components and draw their conclusions.

Children of the thinking type begin to solve tasks with the alignment of logical chains. They analyze all the components and think with symbols. In their algorithm for solving problems, logical reflections prevail. Emotional coloring of details, as a rule, simply prevents them from thinking.

Modality of perception

This is the fourth and also an important aspect, taken into account by the teacher with an individual approach to children. Observing the behavior of the child, you can see that the way he knows the world around him, has a huge impact on his level of adaptation in society, physical development and learning success.

Carefully following this aspect, even at a younger age, one can assume what problems the baby will face when teaching at school. Knowing the way of knowing, parents, educators, teachers and psychologists can correctly build games and classes with the child. This will make the most of the learning process.

Perception of information can be visual, audible and kinesthetic. At the first of them the child's education should be carried out due to visual perception of the information submitted. Audial type says that all materials are easier for the pupil to memorize by ear. Some children perceive information only as a result of their own activities. In such cases, one can speak of a kinesthetic type of perception of the surrounding world.

Health status

This aspect becomes especially important in those cases when the organization of education and training of children with physical defects and disorders in somatic development is required. But the teacher should always take into account such psychological characteristics of children as fears and anxiety, self-doubt and neuroses. Underestimation of all these psychophysical characteristics of pupils inflicts enormous harm to their health.

The teacher needs to know that mental disorders in children can be associated with such factors as:

- somatic diseases;
- defects in physical development;
- stresses and various kinds of adverse factors related to social conditions of life.

Age features

What else should the teacher take into account in the process of education? He needs to remember that on the personal development of any person reflects his age characteristics. Depending on the past years, there is a change in the thinking of the person, the range of her interests and demands, as well as social manifestations. At each age there are limitations in development and opportunities. For example, memory and thinking abilities are most intensively expanded in the children's and adolescent periods. If this is not taken into account in the process of education and upbringing, then time will be lost. The possibilities of this period to use in a later period is very difficult. But at the same time, the educator should not go too far, influencing the moral, mental and physical development of children. It is important to take into account the age abilities of the body.

Physical education

Modern scientists, based on the results of studies, have made an amazing conclusion. They revealed a direct relationship between the mental, physical and moral development of a person. The first of them influences the formation of the personality character. Physical perfection allows the organs of sight, hearing and feelings to develop. In addition, it is closely connected with moral and labor education. At the same time, active activity depends on the health of the child, and vice versa.

Games conducted with children also contribute to strengthening their will, discipline, organization and other moral qualities. Physical education is associated with aesthetic education. Performed exercises make the body beautiful. Human movements become dexterous. Posture and gait are correct.

With an individual approach to physical education, children are awakened by interest in active outdoor movements, acquiring cultural and hygienic skills, and so on.

Moral education

In childhood and adolescence, children develop moral norms. They acquire experience of behavior and develop their own attitude towards people. Carrying out the moral upbringing of the child, the teacher can significantly affect the formation of the character and will of the child.

Conclusion

In developing the principle of an individual approach to the upbringing and education of children, the teacher should know:

1. Features of the child's health and physical condition. From this in many respects will depend on his attention to the lesson, lesson and overall performance.
2. Properties of memory, interests and inclinations of pupils. Taking these features into account, it becomes much easier to implement an individual approach to the child, loading more with additional training and helping the weaker.
3. Mentally-emotional sphere of children, revealing pupils with a painful reaction to remarks and increased irritability. Understanding the nature of the child will allow the most effective organization of collective activities.

Only knowledge of the developmental features of each of the children, received by the teacher on the basis of a thorough study of all factors, will create the necessary conditions for their successful use in the process of education and upbringing.