Red book of the Kaluga region: animals and plants, mushrooms. List, features and description

The Red Book of the Kaluga Region (animals and her plants - the subject of our article) is a document released in 2006. The basis is the Decree of the regional government from 1998. These include those living organisms that require increased attention from the population, because their numbers are very limited. The list is constructed in such a way that the species practically disappearing (they are designated by a unit) and those whose number is still being studied (figure 4) are identified. Unfortunately, there are some who completely disappeared from the region. Opposite their definition is 0.

This list is large enough, we will go through the pages of the Red Book of the Kaluga region, which lists living organisms marked "1" - they are the smallest.

Mushrooms, mosses and lichens

To begin with, let us consider the representatives of the kingdom of mushrooms, mosses and lichens. It should be said that under protection in the Red Book of the Kaluga land there are a large number of them. Among the fungi, the greatest fear for their fate is, for example, the following.

The sarcosome is spherical . This very rare mushroom is of a very interesting kind. It resembles a large (diameter 10 cm) barrel of water, drowned in moss. Color - brownish brown.

It should be said that the fungus is very valued in medicine. Special therapeutic properties are the liquid, which fills the fruiting body. It is used for rheumatism, to relieve nervous tension, simply as a good stimulant of the processes.

Ramariopsis is beautiful . This fungus can be found on dry warmed slopes; He prefers deciduous forests with humus-rich soil. It grows at the end of summer and until October, most often "family", like small bushes. The reduction in numbers has not been studied thoroughly. Scientists agree that the reason is the extraction of calcareous rocks in places of growth.

Among the mosses can be identified Kalliergon giant . It occurs in swamps, in grasslands prone to overgrowth. 30-centimeter length of shoots justifies the name of moss.

The red book of the Kaluga region pays attention to ferns. Thus, the centipede , which grows in the crevices of the rocks and between the stones, is a small fern. It should be noted that this is the only plant in the middle band that lives on others (epiphytes) and uses them only as a basis for growth.

Herbs

Let's see what else the Red Book of the Kaluga Region contains in its list. Animals and plants listed in it are very diverse. If we talk about herbs, then it should be noted head-to-head, cereal and bored . They differ only in the form of leaves. In cereals they are thinner. The plant is aquatic, prefers pure lake water.

Pile feather feather is another specially protected plant. Previously, he was a common patron of steppes and fields, but economic activities and grazing put the plant at risk of extinction. Identify this type of cereal is very simple: along the awn go thin hairs, similar to feathers.

The red book of the Kaluga region, the mushrooms, the plants of which we are considering, are replenished and sedge . We will analyze the smallest population of this plant - Hartmann's sedge . Prefers moistened soils of deciduous forests, shores of reservoirs. It reaches up to 70 cm in length, the stem is crowned with a spikelet, branched at its base.

A flower with enchanting white inflorescences is a branch of a branch, also under protection on the Kaluga land. Prefers limestone soils, sunny dry glades. Most often, this is the edge of the forest. In the wild, it is rare, more often cultivated in the garden and suburban areas.

Trees

Among the trees that contain the Red Book of the Kaluga region (animals and plants in it, by the way, are also represented) it is worth noting willow, lopar and blueberry . The first prefers to grow in swamps, well-moistened. Since recently most of them are drained, the tree dies. It is a small shrub that reaches two meters. It is covered with whitish leaves with a peculiar edge.

Blueberry willow combines a dark purple-colored bark and bright, slightly bluish leaves. The shrub is low, growing on marshes.

Another low-growing tree is a squat tree . She also prefers marshy soils. Thin branches entirely covered with small leaves and warts. Distinctive feature - looking up earrings. It is on the verge of extinction due to man's development of marshes for peat extraction.

Insects

The red book of the Kaluga region, animals and plants of which - the subject of our article, contains a large number of insects of various species. Representatives of this type are the largest number in the list. Let us dwell on the rarest.

Firstly, it is worth mentioning about ground beetles . These representatives of the same family are very rare in the Kaluga land. So, the brilliant one prefers coniferous forests, where he hunts other insects. The name speaks for itself: a bright green body with a golden ebb.

The sizes are average, range up to 18 mm. Ground beetles are also oleaginous and violet . Disappearance of the species is associated with the destruction of their habitats during the search for minerals. Also important is the poisoning of forests with poisonous chemicals.

The population of the spring dung is also under threat. This beetle of golden-green color reaches two centimeters. The wings are rounded. She sits under a pile of manure. The limiting factors are most likely connected with the destruction of habitats.

It should be noted and two types of bronzovok - smooth and shiny . These beetles of quite impressive size (up to 3 cm) prefer to settle on trees where they produce offspring in rotten bark. Smooth bronzovka has a golden green color, and shiny - a metallic outflow. The main limiting factor is cutting down old, rotten trees, habitats of bronzes.

Birds

It should be noted and endangered birds of the Kaluga region. Many representatives of this family are under threat, however, the following are of particular concern.

Dubrovnik. This inhabitant of meadows with tall grass belongs to the passerine. This migratory bird is so small due to the reduction of places suitable for nesting.

Garden porridge - another representative of passerines. This small bird has a gray-green color. Oatmeal is a migrating bird, arrives to nest.

Small and black - eyeed greaves are waterfowl that do not find optimal nesting places in the Kaluga region. They prefer to settle on heavily overgrown ponds.

Mammals

Speaking about the Red Book of the Kaluga Region, one can not help mentioning mammals. Particularly protected here are bats, for example, a gigantic vespers .

Representatives of cats are also few in the region. First of all it's a lynx . Rare here are also the brown bear and the bison .

Mammals are forest animals, so the reduction in their numbers is due to the development of territories and the narrowing of habitats. In addition, such animals as the lynx or, for example, the mink - a frequent harvest of poachers because of a very valuable fur.