The population of Tyumen, a large industrial city of Siberia

Tyumen is the administrative center of the Tyumen region. It is this city that is the first Russian settlement in Siberia. About how many residents lived and live in Tyumen today, what they do, we learn from this article.

History of the city name

Where did the city get its name? On this account, there are different assumptions. According to one, the name "Tyumen" comes from the Turkic concept "tumen", which means "ten thousand". According to others, it is associated with the Bashkir "tumende", which means "downstairs". There is a version that Tyumen received its name from the ancient Tatar Chimgi-Tours, which meant "a city on the road." For a long time it was believed that it comes from two Türkic words: "tu", meaning belonging, and "lion" is an asset, together is my property.

Geographical location of Tyumen and climate

Tyumen was founded in the Asian part of Russia on a high promontory, between two western-Siberian rivers - the Tura (tributary of the Irtysh) and Tyumenka, surrounded by pine and birch forests. Today the area of the city is 83.13 sq.m. Km.

The city is in an uneasy climatic zone, due to the absence of mountains in the north and in the south. Here is a long, harsh winter and a rather short summer. Frequent invasion of arctic air masses or hot air from the Kazakh steppes and deserts of Central Asia, warm wet winds from the Atlantic, breaking through the Ural mountains, make the weather in Tyumen unstable throughout the year.

History of the foundation of Tyumen

The city was founded in 1586 by Cossacks, sent by the authorities to protect the lands of the Urals, which were part of the Russian state, from raids by the Siberian Khanate forces , which arose as a result of the death of the Golden Horde. In 1563, after the arrival of Kuchum, Khan Kuchum, the Tatars invaded Russian territories. One of the detachments of the Cossacks, commanded by Ataman Ermak in 1852, defeated the Tatars, capturing the capital of the Siberian Khanate - Kashlyk. The army of Khan Kuchum had to retreat. To equip the conquered territories, voevods from Moscow rushed to Siberia.

In 1586, next to the ruins of the Tatar city of Chimgi-Tura, a new fortress was laid. So the first Russian city of Tyumen appeared in Siberia. At first, the population was small. Here settled archers, Cossacks, boyar children. Near the fortress walls, in the course of time, there was a posad.

The population of Tyumen grew depending on external circumstances, increasing with military danger. The city was primarily defensive. Tyumen became an outpost for the protection of the lands of the Russian state from steppe nomadic tribes, who made their raids until the middle of the XVII century.

Main historical periods of development of Tyumen

At the end of the XVI century, after the tsarist decree on the development of trade in Siberia and the involvement of Bukharans in it, trade caravans poured through Tyumen. This could not but affect the population. G. Tyumen began to grow rapidly due to the merchants who settled here. Over time, it has become a significant center, located on the trade route to the East and Central Asia.

According to surviving written sources, "sentinel books", the population of Tyumen at the beginning of the XVII century was 500 people. Half of them were in the service people. In the city there were many peasants who sought protection outside the walls of the fortified settlement

The city grew. Suburbs appeared, monasteries, apartment houses were built. Wooden Tyumen several times survived the glow of fires. But once again reborn, rebuilding anew. The territory grew, and with it the number of inhabitants. Tyumen, whose population in the late XVII - early XVIII centuries was more than three thousand people, has become a major artisan center of Siberia.

Stone construction began in the city in the XVIII century. A bridge was built across the river Tyumenka, new churches were built. Brick buildings began to be built.

In the XIX century Tyumen became the main industrial, craft and agricultural center of Western Siberia. Here the first Siberian steamer was designed and launched. Tyumen port was called "gateway to Siberia" due to the large annual turnover.

Tyumen in the XX century

In the XX century Tyumen entered a large industrial center of Western Siberia with developed shipbuilding, leather, woodworking, timber, fish and carpet weaving industries. There were many banks in the city. Tyumen merchants actively traded throughout Russia and abroad. Annually in June in Tyumen a large trade and industrial fair was held, known throughout Siberia.

At the beginning of the XX century, the population of Tyumen reached 30 thousand people. Most of them lived here philistines and merchants. A city newspaper was published, a theater, a circus worked. There was a monastery, 18 churches. Educational institutions were established.

During the Soviet period Tyumen became a provincial center. With the discovery of large deposits of minerals - natural gas and oil - the city acquired the status of a major administrative center, from where one of the country's main oil and gas production complexes was managed.

The population of Tyumen today

How many people live in Tyumen today? Due to steady dynamic development in the main industrial and industrial sectors, commissioning of new enterprises, developed infrastructure, social sphere, the city is attractive to the population.

According to sociological research conducted, in 2015 Tyumen became the leading subject for the quality of life in Russia, bypassing Kazan, Krasnodar and even Moscow. All these factors contribute to the fact that the population of Tyumen is steadily growing. By the end of 2015, according to experts, there should have been 714,000 people living there.