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The famous Russian prison - "Matrosskaya Tishina"

Peter I on the right bank of the river Yauza settled the sailors' settlement. This fact also gave the name of the street, which lies parallel to the river. And since Catherine II lived there, old sailors, the house began to be called sailor's. The inhabitants of the city tried to preserve the peace of the elderly citizens and passed quietly past the almshouse. So the name of the street was added one more word. And now it began to be called Sailor's Silence. Later there was a prison known as the "Sailor's Silence".

Excursion to the history

The prison "Matrosskaya Tishina" dates back to 1775. Then, according to the decree of Catherine II, on the spot where the remand prison is today, under the protectorate of the Society of the Prize, a house was opened for "pre-tent" ones. As usual in Russian prisons, later, in 1850, in this building the Orthodox church of "All the Afflicted" was consecrated, and in the twentieth century a bell tower also appeared there.

The house for "pre-sperm" in its original state lasted for a relatively short time. By 1870, it was renamed the Moscow Correctional Prison. The new institution was designed for 150 women and 300 men. The purpose of the prison was declared: "to give a well-known trade in the hands of this rabble." Waste, in turn, was considered to be prisoners - petty criminals, thieves, scammers.

Gradually, the area of the penitentiary institution expanded. In 1912, the architect BA Alberti was designed and built new prison buildings. And by 1917 the institution was ruined.

In 1918, the prison again suffered a kind of reformation. In the institution, on the basis of the already existing correctional institution, the Reformatory was set up by the Central Punitive Department of the NKJU. He was a kind of corrective institution with a medical and pedagogical bias. Engaged in it, training, re-education and preparation for workdays of young people aged 17 to 21 years. However, the Reformatory functioned for a short time. In 11 months, in 1919, he ceased to exist.

As evidenced by the archival data, the history of the prison "Matrosskaya Tishina" began with the end of 1946. On the site of the present detention center was the Kozhevnicheskaya colony. Since 1945, the children's colony began to be transformed, on its basis, Prison No. 14 was established at the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Moscow Region.

Reconstruction

As of 1947, on the territory of the institution there were two regime objects, the first and second buildings, respectively. The prison "Matrosskaya Tishina" could simultaneously accept more than 2000 prisoners. In addition, on the territory of the establishment there were also farm buildings:

  • The boiler house, which continues to function today;
  • Wood-built barrack-type residential buildings designed for employees;
  • Corps of administration;
  • Barracks for staff.

For walks prisoners were equipped with special sites on the territory of the sanatorium. The courtyard was a kind of circle, surrounded by a wooden fence around the perimeter. Security on the towers and outside was carried out by servicemen of the internal troops of Moscow from the Bogorodskaya division.

A little later, in 1949, a third building was built to hold prisoners. He had the status of a special prison and had his own entrance (from the side of psychiatric hospital No. 3), as well as his superiors and a separate guard. Predictably, the waiting tribunals, Nazi criminals and convicts working in the Special Technical Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (inventors, designers, engineers) served their sentence . In the people such prisons were called "sharashkinymi offices." In detail, life in one of these "sharashka" talentedly described in his book "In the First Circle" Alexander Isaakievich Solzhenitsyn.

Since early 1950, for two years, the administrative buildings of the prison have been converted. The first and second regime objects were supplemented with the 4th and 5th floors and walking courtyards. Until now, convicts have taken walks in the territory of these yards, located on the roofs of buildings.

In the early 50s of the last century, administrative decisions designed to divide these institutions into urban and regional ones necessitated the expansion of Prison No. 14. In connection with this, it was renamed Prison No. 1, better known among the people as the prison "Matrosskaya Silence".

After the death of Beria LP, since 1953 in the building of No. 3, juvenile offenders were serving their sentence. The penitentiary service was engaged in the training of adolescents (convicts had the opportunity to get secondary education), employment - under-age prisoners, working in workshops in prison, made envelopes, Christmas toys and other consumer goods. Earned money could be spent on their own needs, buying in the stall available goods. The children's prison lasted until 1997. After it was decided to carry out the reconstruction and repair of the third building. And since 1999 he became a tuberculosis department at the prison hospital.

The very same hospital for prisoners was placed in the renovated and reconstructed buildings of the former housing stock of the prison staff. The institution serves not only the "Matrosskaya Tishina", but also all the investigative isolators of the city of Moscow. The hospital has about 706 hospital beds (beds).

The last decades on the territory of "Matrosskaya Tishina" are constantly conducted various construction and repair work:

  • In 1997, put into operation a food unit (equipped with modern equipment);
  • In 1987 - CTP;
  • In the beginning of the 90s the third building was repaired;
  • In the middle of the 2000s, the first building of the prison was overhauled
  • In accordance with sanitary standards, there are cameras for convicts and persons under investigation;
  • Courtyards for walks are covered with a roof;
  • Today, the second building of the prison is being overhauled.

According to the leadership of the penitentiary service, the necessary work is constantly being done to maintain the buildings of the institution in proper condition. Today the prison "Matrosskaya Tishina" has 7 buildings.

Detention Unit 1 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia

Officially, the date of establishment of pre-trial detention center No. 1 is September 1, 1985. Based on the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the investigative isolation ward No. 1 was established on the basis of the seventh regime prison building. For a long time the institution was nicknamed "Sailor's Silence". Address: Moscow, Matrosskaya Tishina, house 18. Located in the Eastern Administrative District of the capital. The total area of the institution is 41,438 square meters. M.

Initially, the prison limit for prisoners that could contain a SIZO did not exceed 200 people. The SIZO was intended to isolate persons for whom it was necessary to take strict surveillance measures for the period of investigation and trial.

In 2001, focusing on international standards regarding the size of the area per prisoner, a restriction was established in filling the prison.

But, unfortunately, in fact the norms are not met. According to official data, SIZO No. 1 is designed for 2013 people, but the actual content exceeds this figure by 21.3% and is 2,441 people.

For today, having passed the chain of renaming for all the years of its existence, the institution of the penitentiary service has been renamed the Federal Public Institution "Investigative Isolator No. 1 of the FSIN of Russia" (abbreviated name PKU SIZO-1 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia).

In addition to SIZO 1, Moscow has seven additional detention facilities. Among them, the equally famous "Butyrka" and "Lefortovo".

Famous prisoners

Not surprisingly, Moscow was the location of one of the most famous prisons in Russia . "Sailor's Silence" is a strict regime object. For the entire period of its functioning, it is officially known only about three cases of a successful escape:

  • June 5, 1995 - a member of one of the criminal groups of A. V. Solonika;
  • May 2, 2004 - the escape of citizen S. Ershov, who was detained for 24 hours;
  • On May 7, 2013, colluding with a prison officer, the thief and murderer O. Topalov fled, he was also later detained.

The list of known prisoners who had occasion to serve time in "Matrosskaya Tishina" is quite large. Among them - Soviet politicians Yanaev GI and Yazov DT, businessmen Lebedev PL and Khodorkovsky MB, Mavrodi SP and many others.

Modernity

Today the prison "Matrosskaya Tishina" is conditionally open for representatives of the media and various public organizations. Periodically, there are some sort of excursions, designed to show the way of life and the conditions of detention of prisoners.

Naturally, during such events, visitors are shown the best cameras, places of rest and so on. In contrast to this, periodically in the media there are reports of violations of the rights of prisoners, the failure to comply with the standards of detention, hunger strikes, riots, attempts to escape, deaths and other impartial moments that allow you to judge that not everything is as smooth in SIZO No. 1. And such cons Are observed not only on the part of the prisoners. So, about a year ago there was information that the reduction in the staff of the FSIN led to a significant decrease. This was the reason for the appearance of fears from the guards of SIZO No. 1. As the employees of the penitentiary service admitted, due to the reduction in the number of supervisors, it was simply dangerous to work.

Under such conditions it becomes clear that more than one year will be spent on bringing the state of Russian prisons to international standards.

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