Yauza River in Moscow: source and length (photo)

The largest river in the Moscow River is the Yauza River. The area of the basin in which it is located is 452 km ² . Its length is 48 km, and the width varies from 20 to 65 m, mainly this discrepancy is due to the artificial expansion of the channel. The river flows in the north-eastern and central regions of Moscow. In 1908, it was called the official border of Moscow, on the section between the Chamber-Kollezhka shaft and the confluence of the river. Hooves. The floodplain of the Yauza River is located in the Northeast of the capital. It is surrounded by small meadows and fields. The water flow is 90% snow.

Description

The Yauza River has 12 right tributaries (Chernogryazka, Sukromka and others) and 5 left tributaries (Golden Horn, Ichka). On its banks the Moscow State Technical University named after NE Bauman was erected. The water flow flows through the villages of Taininka, Perlovka, Moscow and Mytischi. On its shores are the temples of Seraphim of Sarov and Sergius of Radonezh, and also the monastery of Andronicus. However, these are not all the sights that you can see by sailing along it. On its shores are palaces: Catherine and Lefortovsky. It flows into the Moscow River. This place is located in the area of the Great Ustyinsky Bridge. The source of the Yauza River is a swamp in the Losiny Ostrov park.

Geographical features

Yauza stretched across Moscow for 27 km, emerging from the MKAD area on the wide street. Flows through the Babushkinsky district and Sviblovo, the Botanical Garden, the Prospect Mira, then falls into the "embrace" of the embankment in Sokolniki. Before you get to the Moscow River, it flows through Lefortovo and Zemlyanoi Val.

The floodplain of the Yauza River was practically preserved only in the area between Losiny Ostrov and Sokolniki. We can say that this site did not touch the age of technology. Here it is partially covered with forest. While other areas are mostly swamped or represent wasteland with weeds. In the 60-70's. Because of the constant work on the extension of the channel, the water level in the Yauza has significantly decreased. In order to fill it, the channels connecting the Volga Basin, the Khimki Reservoir and the Golovinsky Ponds were built . Thanks to the construction of such a path, the inflow of Lihoborka was filled with water, which was carried along the entire Yauza River.

Toponymy

In some ancient chronicles the name of the river Yauza sounded like Auza. Scientists believe that the hydronome originated from the Slavic and Finno-Ugric languages. Most likely, the name "Yauza" is associated with the Baltic word Auzes, as well as its appeals Auzaine, Auzajs, which means "awn", "straw", "stalk of oats".

Historical information about the Yauza River

The Yauza water stream has almost always been navigable, connecting the south of Russia with Vladimir. In the ancient chronicles it was said that it was a fairly important waterway of the city. In the XVII century it was created fleet. Peter I, the last tsar and the first emperor of Russia, dreamed that it was she who would connect the Volga and the Moscow River. Here, a factory was built, on which the sails were made.

On the islands near Yauza, there were mills that grinded grain, so people living in the district mainly engaged in the sale of bread. In ancient times, the river was an important outlet, but with the rapid development of technology, it quickly lost its importance. Now it is used for excursions to the largest city of Russia, telling people history and showing sights.

Development of shipping

The Yauza River in Moscow is navigable, but only in the interval from the Preobrazhenskaya Square to the Moscow River. On the water flow there are 23 bridges for pedestrians, 28 for cars, 6 for trams, and 6 for railways. Here you can see small vessels. And during the technical works, it is often possible to meet the large ships of the organization Mosvodostok. It is this enterprise that is involved in maintaining the state of the river, keeping it clean.

The shipping area can be called a distance of two kilometers from Yaroslavl highway to Bogatyrsky bridge. Here most often there are motobots. Earlier in 2000, this zone was used in the reconstruction of the Yauza, with the use of technical vessels. The water flow is not very wide. Almost all navigable zones are rather narrow - no more than 25 m, the only part is the tail area, which adjoins the Yauzsky hydroelectric complex. Its width is almost 65 m. Here the river is surrounded by concrete embankments, whose height reaches 3 m.

Shipping areas are represented by the sign "Do not drop anchors". The dam is equipped with red lights, the Syromyatnichesky hydro-locks gateway - traffic lights.

Unfortunately, in the Middle Ages the Yauza River, the photos present in the sources, amaze with beauty, was of great importance for the state, rather than now.

Syromyatnichesky hydraulic power station

Syromyatnichesky hydroelectric complex was erected in 1940. It is located on the Yauza River near its mouth. The name came from Syromyatnaya Sloboda, which was nearby. There is a parking "Modovodostok". The vessels of this organization transport garbage collected on the Yauza and the Moscow River to a special base, carry out general cleaning works and control the ecological state.

Ten years ago, repairs were carried out at the waterworks. During these works the gateway was completely repaired and the dam shutter replaced. Even earlier, the city administration repaired the walls of the embankments.

Animal and plant life

The source of the Yauza River is not particularly rich in fish. In the upper stream of the water stream, perch, roach lives, and in the lower reaches you can meet asp, stick, pike. Here, geese, mallards, reed oatmeal, Canadian goose, and many birds nest often.

As for all contaminated rivers, such plants and animals are characteristic as phyto- and zooplankton, zoobenthos (leeches and pondworms are common), surface water, floating leaves and underwater algae. This kind of poverty of flora and fauna was mainly influenced by the location. Being within the city limits and having a huge number of plants and factories on its banks, the river often lends itself to severe pollution: oil waste and untreated sewage. Fish simply can not survive in such conditions. Scientists have recorded several cases of mass poisoning.

A few words about the Moscow River

Talking about the river. Yauza, you can not ignore its mouth - Moscow River. It is the main artery of the capital of the Russian Federation. Its total length is 502 km. The Moscow River originates from a large swamp near Starykoe (Smolensk region). It flows from the city of Kolomna to the Oka. Since antiquity it has been an important water object for the state, uniting Novgorod and Smolensk, the Volga and the Don. Its same meaning remains for today. The origin of the name of the river is associated with Finno-Ugric, Baltic and Slavic languages. The exact version does not exist.

About 30-35 fish species are found in the Moscow River. The most common is bream, roach and perch, much less often pike, gulber, asp, carp, pike perch and chub. Only a true fisherman will be lucky to catch catfish, ide, ruffush and pest. In order to increase the population of fish such as sterlet, juveniles are released into the river, which is removed artificially. Thanks to human actions, fish from a number of reservoirs and fish farms are crossing the Moscow River. There are populations of such species as carp, eel, carp, trochee and trout.

Ecology

Due to the fact that the Yauza River is rich in industrial enterprises, in certain areas the stream is filled with garbage, sewage, oil products. For this reason, the water acquired an established unpleasant odor.

Basically, the pollution of the river is due to metals, organics, suspended solids, which practically do not dissolve and accumulate in the riverbed. All this comes into the water flow from the enterprises that stand on its shore. In the center of the city, the thawed, storm water and industrial waters are polluted. Therefore, the quality of water is constantly deteriorating.

Since ancient times, the river had an unpleasant smell, because so many harmful effluents are released into this stream. For this reason, in the XIX century, water was recognized as unfit for drinking. But the valley of the Yauza River still managed to preserve its charm. It flows in the north-eastern part of Moscow. Its nature looks very natural, it attracts locals who happily come to rest and have a good time. A few years ago, the city administration put this part of the river in order, giving it a cozy and aesthetic appearance: it set up benches and fortifications for the shore, paved the path.

The capital of Russia has more than 100 reservoirs. At the same time, the Yauza River plays an important role in the life of the city and is not inferior to its importance as the main artery, the Moscow River. It affects the operation of many enterprises, and the ecological state of the environment depends on it. About the Yauza River, mankind has known for several centuries, it is connected with many historical figures and significant events in the life of Russia. On its banks there are factories and monasteries, educational institutions and parks, stadiums and palaces, libraries and buildings, striking in their height and architectural personality. The floodplain of the Yauza River includes a pond, very beautiful and fascinating with its appearance.