The best breathing apparatus under water. Aqualung for breathing under water

The study of the sea depths, acquaintance with the incredible living creatures living on the ocean floor - all this until recently was unattainable for mankind. But since the invention of diving and bathyscaphe devices, inaccessible depths have become available.

History

Underwater world people have been interested since ancient times. In Mesopotamia, Greece and other coastal countries, divers were used for hunting and military operations. There was no talk of any costumes, people could hold their breath as long as they could to stay under water longer. This went on for many centuries, until in 1747 a man appeared who invented the first suit for underwater walking. Swim in it was not possible, it was very big and heavy. Such a device for breathing under water was invented by A. Klingert, a German by birth. It consisted of an iron cap for the head, which included two tubes, designed for inhalation and exhalation. The cloth was waterproof to the cap, which lay on the shoulders. After the test, this device for breathing underwater did not justify itself. The person in the suit felt strong pressure on the chest.

After Klingerton modified and perfected his suit, modifying it year after year. First there was a metal frame that was worn over the head and body and fastened to rubber pants. Later, a large balloon filled with oxygen was added to it, which was submerged with the diver. From it, through the tubes, air came into the helmet of a man in a suit.

Diving suit

August Zibe took over the baton of creating diving equipment. It was he who used the word "space suit". The metal helmet was connected to a waterproof suit, and the air was fed through the tubes with a pump on the ship from which the diver descended. Also there were lead boots, for quick immersion and extra weight, which gave man stability on the seabed.

In subsequent years, the suit was modified and modified, but the issue of supply of air, not tied to land, remained relevant.

In 1878 Henry Fluss invented an apparatus for breathing under water with a closed oxygen supply system. At the same time, a regulator is used which was created and patented 12 years earlier by Benoît Rueyrol. Flux this invention completes and adds to the costume new cylinders that could withstand high pressure.

Invention of an aqualung

In 1943, Emil Gagnan and Jacques Yves Cousteau create an apparatus that is familiar to every diver and diver. The present invention is still used today. This scuba gear is a device for breathing under water.

As a basis for the air supply valve, Cousteau took a mechanism and a device for starting the combustible gas in the motor of the car. After the modernization and the necessary improvements, the testing process began, which already at the first stage did not satisfy the inventor. At different positions of the human body under water, the air was uneven, and in some cases it was not at all.

After the experiments, Cousteau modified the air supply regulator from the cylinders so that breathing was possible at any depth and with different locations of the human body in the water. This allowed to sink to great depths and spend underwater for a long time.

Regulator

The regulators are divided into one- and two-stage ones. They allow to reduce the compression of air, which comes from cylinders through the breathing tubes. In two-stage regulators the reducer lowers the pressure to 6 atm., This is the first stage. Further, the pulmonary automaton brings air to the state of the environment, it facilitates inhalation and does not harm health.

For deep and long-term work, two-step regulators are recommended.

Types of devices

Every year, breathing apparatus under water is modernized, and new ones are invented and developed for special operations. This is due to the fact that people are plunging deeper into the ocean floor and want to stay there longer.

AVM-15

This apparatus for breathing under water is intended for divers who are involved in rescue operations. It provides air specialists with emergency and other works. The device is designed specifically for environments with low temperatures and increased contamination. It is used during oil spill operations . For this purpose, the relevant components of this diving equipment have been specially developed. Weighs no more than 22 kg.

AVM-5

This portable device for breathing under water is designed for swimmers, who descend to a depth of 60 meters. Weight of AVM-5 with empty cylinders up to 22 kg. It is used both by ordinary divers, for studying the seabed, and for various in-depth works.

AVM-12

This apparatus, like the two previous ones, provides a diver with a breath under the water for various rescue and emergency operations. The breathing system is open, that is, the exhalation occurs in the water. The AVM-12 has a simple design and maintenance, it can be operated in a polluted environment and at low temperatures. There is also an optional equipment.

A unique diver

Stig Severinsen has a unique ability: he has long developed and honed such a skill as holding his breath. He may not need to breathe underwater for 22 minutes. It was such a record that the young man put in, having been without air this time.

Long training and knowledge in the field of biology allowed him to experiment with his body and achieve such results. His achievement is included in the Guinness Book of Records.

Shortly before, Stig Severinsen had already set a record of being under water without air for 20 minutes and 10 seconds. But this was not enough for him, so he decided on a new breakthrough. This process was constantly observed by his medical brother. And the experiment itself took place in the pool, the temperature of the water in which was 30 degrees.

Bathyscaphe

In 1930, American inventors created a bathysphere - a steel ball, which dropped on the cables from the ship to the depths. Constantly conducting refinements, scientists have made sure that such a ball could fall more than 1000 meters. But he did not have the necessary maneuverability and independence. Therefore, the work on the invention of underwater vehicles continued.

Bathyscaphe is a device for breathing under water, which accommodates 1-2 people. Such a mini-ship was created by Auguste Picard, a Swiss scientist, for traveling underwater and studying the depths of the sea. The bathyscaphe consisted of a cabin in the form of a ball and a large tank-tank. With the help of specially equipped engines, the ship could move underwater, and the availability of air reserves allowed it to be independent of surface ships.

With the help of bathyscaphes you can descend to depths that are not subject to the usual divers, even with the most modern equipment. The depth of the dive of a small underwater ship exceeds 10,000 meters. It was on the bathyscaphe that the deepest depression in the Earth, the Mariana, was studied.

Diving

In the modern world, diving into the depths and scuba diving has become a popular sport. Experienced divers use various methods to stay as long as possible at the seabed: breath holding, breathing under water with the help of special apparatuses, studying the oceanic world in a bathyscaphe.

For scuba diving it is necessary to pass a special school, where they will teach you how to handle the device, set all the necessary parameters on it, correctly calculate the loads. In addition, diving to greater depths should be slow, as does ascent. This is due to the fact that the lower the immersion in water, the higher the pressure, and the body must have time for adaptation. A sudden ascent to the surface can also lead to undesirable consequences.