Temperature of fire of different sources of flame

The temperature of the fire makes us see a new light in the new light - a white match flickering, a blue glow of the gas stove in the kitchen, orange-red tongues above the flaming tree. A person does not pay attention to the fire until it burns the fingertips. Or do not burn potatoes in a frying pan. Or do not burn the soles of the shoes that dry over the fire.

When the first pain, fright and frustration pass, there comes a time of philosophical reflection. About nature, color, temperature of fire.

Lights like a match

Briefly about the structure of the match. It consists of a stick and a head. Sticks are made of wood, cardboard and cotton tow, impregnated with paraffin. The tree is chosen soft rock - poplar, pine, aspen. Raw materials for sticks are called match straw. To avoid smoldering straw, the sticks are impregnated with phosphoric acid. Russian factories are making straw from aspen.

The head of the match is simple in form, but complex in chemical composition. The dark-brown head of the match contains seven components: oxidants - bertholets salt and potassium dichromate; Glass dust, lead lead, sulfur, bone glue, zinc white.

The head of a match in friction ignites, heating up to one and a half thousand degrees. Ignition threshold, in degrees Celsius :

• Poplar - 468;
• Aspen - 612;
• Pine - 624.

The fire temperature of the match is equal to the temperature of the fire of the wood. Therefore, a white flash of the sulfur head is replaced by a yellow-orange tongue of the match.

If you look closely at a burning match, the glance appears three zones of flame. Lower - cold blue. The average one and a half times warmer. The upper is the hot zone.

Fiery Painter

At the word "bonfire," no less vividly nostalgic memories flash: the smoke of a fire, creating a trusting environment; The red and yellow lights flying to the ultramarine sky; Overflows of reeds from blue to ruby red; Purple cooling coals, in which the "pioneer" potatoes are baked.

The changing color of the blazing tree reports fluctuations in the temperature of the fire in the fire. The decay of the tree (darkening) begins at 150 °. The combustion (smoke) occurs in the interval 250-300 °. With the same intake of oxygen, the tree species burn at non-coinciding temperatures. Accordingly, the degree of fire will also differ. The birch burns at 800 degrees, alder at 522 °, and ash and beech at 1040 °.

But the color of fire is also determined by the chemical composition of the burning substance. Yellow and orange color of the fire is made of sodium salts. The chemical composition of cellulose contains both sodium salts and potassium salts, giving a flaming shade to the burning coal of the tree. Romantic blue lights in a wood fire arise from lack of oxygen, when instead of CO ₂ CO - carbon monoxide is formed.

Enthusiasts of scientific experiments measure the temperature of fire in a fire with a device called a pyrometer. Three types of pyrometers are produced: optical, radiation, spectral. These are contactless devices that allow us to evaluate the power of thermal radiation.

We study fire in our own kitchen

Kitchen gas stoves work on two types of fuel:

1. Trunk natural gas is methane.
2. Propane-butane liquefied mixture of cylinders and gas holders.

The chemical composition of the fuel determines the temperature of the gas cooker's fire. Methane, burning, forms a fire with a capacity of 900 degrees at the top.

Combustion of the liquefied mixture gives heat up to 1950 °.

An attentive observer will note the unevenness of the coloring of the tongues of the gas stove burner. Within the fiery torch, there is a division into three zones:

• A dark section located near the burner: there is no burning due to lack of oxygen, and the temperature of the zone is 350 °.
• A bright area lying in the center of the torch: the burning gas heats up to 700 °, but the fuel does not burn up due to a lack of oxidizer.
• Transparent upper section: reaches a temperature of 900 °, and the combustion of gas is complete.

The figures of the temperature zones of the flame torch are given for methane.

Fire safety rules

Lighting matches, a fireplace, a gas stove, take care of the ventilation of the room. Ensure the flow of oxygen to the fuel.

Do not attempt to repair gas equipment yourself. Gas does not tolerate dilettantes.

Mistresses note that the burners glow in blue, but sometimes the fire turns orange. This is not a global change in temperature. The change in color is associated with a change in the composition of the fuel. Pure methane burns without color and odorless. For safety reasons, sulfur is added to the household gas, which, when burned, stains the gas in blue shades and tells the combustion products a characteristic odor.

Appearance of orange and yellow hues in the burner flame informs about the need for preventive manipulations with the stove. Masters will clean the equipment, remove dust and soot, the burning of which changes the usual color of fire.

Sometimes the fire in the burner turns red. This is a signal of a dangerous content of carbon monoxide in the combustion products. The flow of oxygen to the fuel is so small that the stove is even dead. Carbon monoxide without taste and smell, and a person next to the source of harmful substance emissions will notice too late that they are poisoned. Therefore, the red color of the gas requires immediate call of the masters for the prevention and adjustment of equipment.