Separate circumstance

Circumstance is a minor member who responds to adverbial questions in the proposal and is expressed in this case as gerundive, gerundive, prepositional and case constructs. Circumstances characterize the action, the sign, the way of doing the action (How? How? ), The place ( Where? Where? Where? ), The reason ( Why? ), The condition ( Contrary to what? Under what condition? ), The goal ( Why? ). On these issues, the discharge of the circumstance, its significance is determined. Circumstances can be expressed by prepositional-case groups, phraseological units, infinitive.

A separate circumstance is a circumstance that can have different meanings and which is distinguished by intonation (by pronunciation) and punctuation (in writing).

( Stumbling , she almost fell to her knees.) Rodion, bouncing impatiently, tried to keep up with his father, and from the blow he began to glide on the ice like a washer. Despite the tears and excitement , the day was successful.)

1. A separate circumstance can be expressed by a single gerundive or gerund with dependent words (gerundive turnover). This kind of circumstance is separated by commas, regardless of its place in the sentence. ( Lying on the shelf , he was pointlessly staring at the ceiling of the car, he was sitting on the window-sill, wagging his legs languidly , humming slowly to the side of the alley).

2. Separation of circumstances, which are expressed by the prepositional-case forms of the noun, is optional. Their isolation depends on the semantic load (the connection of two or more circumstantial values), a weak syntactic connection with the predicate, the pronounced verb, or from the stylistic tasks posed by the author.

If the circumstance has a comparative meaning and is expressed by a noun with prepositions (as if, as if, as if, exactly), then this is an isolated circumstance. (He jumped up and down like a ball on a trampoline, like a storm, an angry Victor rushed around the room.) Natalia, as if sleepy, was screwing up her eyes in confusion.)

3. Circumstances that have a concession value are considered to be detached if it starts with the union in spite of . ( Despite the morning surge of strength , now she felt slightly dizzy).

Note

A separate circumstance can sometimes be expressed by a group of words preceding the predicate and beginning with prepositions ( for the reason, if present, in the absence, due to, in view of, contrary to, because of ). (Examples: Due to her strong character, Helen overcame sudden difficulties, but: Elena overcame sudden difficulties due to her strong character , contrary to the Charter and the requirements of his superiors, Sergei came to the collection in a blue shirt.But: Sergey came to the collection in a blue shirt, contrary to the requirements of the Charter .)

4. If a homogeneous isolated circumstance is present in the sentence, then the punctuation marks become the same for ordinary homogeneous terms. ( Waving his arms, clumsily jumping , shouting with joy , he rushed along the road, he rushed along the road, waving his arms , bouncing high , waving his arms and giggling screaming, he ran along the road . )

Proposals with isolated circumstances in their structure are similar to other syntactic constructions that do not require punctuation.

Remember! Commas are not placed if the circumstances

• Expressed phraseological turnover. (He approached the preparation of the project through his sleeves ).
• Expressed by unspoken single verbal participles. It is believed that these words (sitting, lying, unwillingly, not looking, etc.) are substantivized, i.e. Are formed by the transition of one part of speech (adverbs in this case) to another (gerundive). (We talked while sitting , but: We talked while sitting in armchairs.

*Note. If the circumstance is expressed by the ordinary gerundive formed from the verb, it is necessarily detached. ( Turning away , she wiped her tears).