Russian poet Ivan Dmitriev: short biography, creativity and life story

The Minister of Justice, a prominent statesman and a great poet was born in Simbirsk province, in a landowner's family. His name was Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. A brief biography tells about a rather difficult beginning of the life and creative path. The state of his parents was upset by the Pugachev riot, so at the age of fourteen Ivan became an ordinary Semyonovsky regiment.

Childhood

A boy grew up in a village near Syzran, studied in Kazan and Simbirsk, where he lived in boarding schools, but the family did not train his son, and Ivan returned to the village where he studied independently. For example, I mastered French, only reading and translating all the novels that were in the parent library. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, whose brief biography can not contain some of the virtues of the growing poet, was a very purposeful man.

Particularly fond of him were the fables of Lafontaine, which he translated not only as a subtext, but also artistically decorated with rhymes. He was so carried away by his fables that he tried to compose them himself. In 1774 Ivan was required to serve in the Semenovsky regiment, where he was recorded two years ago, and he left for St. Petersburg.

Colleagues very much fell in love with a cheerful, but very disciplined youth, a wonderful storyteller, and even a poet. The longest stories he could tell in content, but at the same time very briefly. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, whose brief biography is known even to schoolchildren, is hardly properly appreciated by our contemporaries, because just at this time the modern Russian language grew out of what we now call archaic.

Discipleship and the beginning of the creative path

In 1783 N.M. Karamzin returned to St. Petersburg. Ivan Ivanovich got acquainted with a writer, whom he almost revered, they met quite often, talked about books read, visited the theater together, and considered the publication of his journal. After a while, Karamzin really founded the "Moscow Journal", where Dmitriev's poems were published.

Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich (1760-1837), a brief biography indicates that he was a disciple of NM Karamzin. Judging by his writings, he was in many ways his follower. In 1777, his poetic path began, when the "St. Petersburg Scientific Gazette" published his first poem. However, the poet himself did not consider this to be the beginning: everything he wrote before 1791 was called an empty rhyme.

Literary fame

But the song "moaning blue-eyed blue-eyed", he gained such popularity in 1792, which did not become modest to the person. Also, the satirical tale "Fashionable Wife" was also very widely discussed in literary circles. Dmitriev became a recognized master of sensitive verse, all sorts of album poetry - epigrams, madrigals, just inscriptions. He also wrote satires and fables, which the Russian public listened to and recited with pleasure.

It is worth recalling to our contemporaries that although Dmitriev used the old Derzhavin syllable of the eighteenth century, he brought a lot of his own and completely new to Russian literature, for example, poetic dialogue, irony, elements of everyday life (unacceptable earlier in "high calm"), and in general Shunned the fullness of life, which was also not characteristic of the poetry of that time. But the language, yes, is old-fashioned, with allegories that need to be solved slowly, with sensuous closeness, although with all this the syllable was honed and brilliant.

Folklore research

As it was said above, Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev got used to everything with his own mind. A brief biography tells us that there is only one school in which he spent his whole life, and this school is a national creativity. From the very childhood he was attracted by his Russian song, he even tried to compose collections himself. He studied texts, remembered their features, composition, system, vocabulary.

This probably helped Dmitriev write songs that were sung in every living room: "Blue-eyed blue-eyed", "Hush, swallow ...", "Oh, when I used to know ...". All of them are very similar to imitations of ancient songs. The literary version of them was performed novelly, that is, narratively, with softened drama, in the elements of a quiet, mild feeling, slightly colored sadness. It was also for contemporaries that it was to their liking that Dmitriyev's poetry disgusted the rudeness and harshness of Russian folk expressions. His lyrics were readily and almost immediately written by such well-known composers as Verstovsky, Dubyansky, Zhuchkovsky.

The first collection of songs

Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, whose brief biography narrates about his inherent good and soft humor, published his collection in 1796 and called it "And my trifles" after the publication of Karamzin's collection "My tricks." So beautiful, as if in jest, he stressed that he still considers himself a pupil of the great master.

"Pocket songwriter" was divided into three parts: the first section - original songs, original (GR Derzhavin, VV Kapnist, MM Kheraskov, II Dmitriev, I. F. Bogdanovich and others ); Second section - imitation of people's taste; The third is purely folk songs.

This combination of folk, literary and purely literary songs in one vessel marked the biography of Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich. The brief content of the songs belonging to the author's pen - the compiler of this collection, can be conveyed as follows: they underscore the inexhaustibility of the springs of folk song creativity. They sound like a continuation of the song wealth of Russia: plots, vocabulary, images of his songs will be needed for us for a long time as a testament to a turning point, a language leaving.

Sentimentalism

At the turn of the century a new literary trend - sentimentalism - came to Russia. Classicism gradually gave up positions in Europe, literature, music, painting of that time conveyed disappointment in close urban life and civilization in general. And our poet was much closer to natural naturalness, as Ivan Dmitriev's biography repeatedly mentions.

A summary of sentimentalism: feeling, not reason, should be chanted, pure and uncomplicated. So Russian writers turned their faces to nature, and Karamzin and Dmitriev, who closely followed all the European changes, managed to lead this new direction. True, quickly disillusioned with him and moved away.

From songs to ode

Imitations of folk songs brought popularity to the poet, but did not really satisfy him, the genre was too dependent, and sadness-melancholy inherent in the folk song was not peculiar to this cheerful person.

Dmitriev was a cheerful person, but without the slightest frustration, chaste and peasant industrious. This is evidenced by such a highly moral person as Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, a brief biography. Creativity speaks for itself, although it sometimes misleads the reader. For example, when he reads Dmitriev's poems about pleasures, wine and turbulent pastime, this is not about the author. This is a tribute to the fashion of that time. In the author, bohemianism did not "spend the night".

At the same time, Dmitriev became addicted to the ode, creating an absolutely different type of her, quite unlike the Lomonosov, who still imitated. In the Odey of Dmitriev, stamps disappear, but there remains high pathos. Such are the ode "To the Volga", "Ermak", "Liberation of Moscow". Poetic speech becomes more natural, there is a subtle lyricism, it is here that the grain of future elegies, and, perhaps, of all Russian Romanticism will grow.

The fabulist and storyteller

Dmitriev is a very versatile poet. Loving Lafontaine from childhood, he nevertheless "recreated" the classic fable, with him appeared the model type of the Russian fable, where instead of ordinary moralism the author's position sounds from his personal point of view. By nature witty, in this genre he enriched the comic game with exquisite subtlety. Such a fable, for example, is "Bee, Bumblebee and I". Fabulist Ivan Dmitriev, whose brief biography also mentions this, managed to become an innovator in all genres for which he undertook.

And Dmitriyev's fairy tales without fairy-tale, what are these fairy tales? These are very witty verse novels, taken from his time. "Fairy Tale", "Picture", "Fashionable Wife" - they are all written in this way. The poet called these compositions fairy tales because he did not want to offend anyone, he covered the satire, in order to soften it, renaming it into a fairy tale.

Afterword

Dmitriev's stories were used by many other poets and writers. So, for example, AS Pushkin portrayed Ivan Ivanovich in his "Captain's Daughter". The image of Grinyov seemed to have grown out of the personality of the poet, the childhood created in the regiment. Dmitriev also told the great poet and about the execution of Pugachev, which he saw himself. And even "the uncle of the most honest rules" is also Dmitrievsky, and he had a foster daughter, as well as a pupil. In a great friendship was Dmitriev and Vasily Lvovich - Uncle Alexander Sergeevich.

VG Belinsky wrote about Dmitriev as a reformer, considering him the language installer along with Karamzin, only Karamzin did it in prose, and Dmitriev started Pushkin's work in verse. Zhukovsky wrote that Dmitriyev Ivan Ivanovich had established a Russian poetic taste. A brief biography for children about this also tells. His fate was happy, business affairs were excellent, and the increase took place without the slightest push from his side. True, honesty, honesty, nobility, justice, hard work and constant search for new ways were applied to a happy destiny.