Red book of the Volgograd region: plants, birds, animals

The Red Book of the Volgograd Region is a special document regulating the order of protection of plants and animals in this region. All objects of flora and fauna are filed in a list form, where opposite each of them is indicated the degree of rarity from 1 (the highest degree of threat) to 7 (out of danger). There are also representatives on the list opposite to them. This means that they have disappeared from this region. In addition, the nature of the Volgograd region, or rather, specimens of its rare representatives, are stored in a special genetic bank. It was established in 2010. The Red Book of the Volgograd Region is not only flora and fauna, but also rare soils that are on the verge of extinction.

History

The first attempts to attract the public to the problems of plant and animal protection were back in the early 90s of the XX century. It was then that the first Red Book of the Volgograd Region was published. It was an ordinary popular scientific publication, which had no legal power. Further, several other similar publications were published, and only in 2004, according to the Decree of the Head of Administration, an official list was issued. On its basis, the Red Book of the Volgograd Region was compiled: animals (1 volume), plants and mushrooms (2 volumes).

It should be said that the list of protected objects is very mobile: some representatives from it are excluded, others are, on the contrary, introduced. So it was, for example, with a small swan, which supplemented the list in 2010.

In 2011, the electronic version of the publication was released. It should be said that the special Committee for Environmental Protection in this region is responsible for the Red Book. On its basis, a special commission has been set up, which is developing a list of representatives of flora and fauna that need special protective measures.

Invertebrates

Representatives of many detachments and classes are included in the list of protected objects of nature in the Volgograd Region. To begin with, it should be said about invertebrates. So, in the Red Book of the Volgograd region a medical leech is included. This special ringworm lives in fresh water bodies, prefers a muddy bottom and clean water.

In appearance, the leech resembles its congenital, ringed worm, but the body is slightly flattened. Oral opening looks like a sucker, with which the invertebrate produces food - blood. This product is stored in the stomach of a leech for a long time - several months. It's all about the special bacteria that live in the stomach of the creature, it's they that prevent blood from clotting. Any blood can come to this invertebrate.

The widespread use of leeches in medicine (they help to alleviate the condition with varicose veins, all kinds of skin lesions) has become the main limiting factor - they were caught in huge quantities. However, this factor disappeared after the methods of bloodletting began to be applied, and also learned how to remove leeches on an industrial scale. Another of the limiting factors is the decrease in the population of frogs. It is their blood that feeds on young leeches.

Another representative of invertebrates, which contains the Red Book of the Volgograd Region, is a thick perlovent. It is a bivalve mollusk that lives in turbulent, clean rivers. The length of the perlite shell reaches just over 7 centimeters. Life expectancy is quite high: mollusks that lived for 22 years were recorded. The main limiting factor is the deterioration of water quality and, as a consequence, the reduction of the population of river fish, on which the larvae of these invertebrates are parasitized.

Arthropods

Of the class of crustaceans included in the Red Book of the Volgograd region, it should be noted the summer shield. This species, living unchanged on our planet for millions of years, is now looming dangerously. Inhabits this small crustacean in shallow waters with a depth of 20 cm to 2 meters. Also puddles, ravines, ditches, flooded meadows are suitable for him. In shields, there is a special system of survival: larvae develop and hatch in a short time, then become sexually mature very quickly. This is a very important condition for dwelling in small ponds that can dry quickly. In addition, as a rule, the shields are on the top of the food chain in their habitat. However, their number is reduced due to drainage of water bodies (larvae do not have time to complete the cycle).

Another crustacean, inhabiting puddles and shallow waters - chirocephalus horribilis. It does not have a shell, its body reaches only 16 mm. The crustacean is in constant motion, it moves through puddles in search of food - plankton, animal or vegetable. Disappears due to a decrease in the number of habitats.

Tanimistic pond is also especially protected in the Volgograd region. The crustacean is small in size (13 mm), belongs to the naked gill-legged, mainly in puddles. The limiting factor for this creature is the contamination of soils on which its habitats are formed.

Also from small crustaceans it is necessary to note branhinectu small and streptotsefala groznonogo. The limiting factors and habitats are similar to those described above.

From representatives of arachnids to the Red Book of the Volgograd region came the scorpion of the Mediterranean. By its name you can see where this representative is most widespread, but similar creatures also live in the Volgograd region. Prefers sandy soils: dunes, desert terrain, well warmed by the sun. They feed on other insects: spiders, flies, small butterflies.

Insects

In total, 59 species of insects are listed in the Red Book of the Volgograd Region. We will analyze those of them, for which ecologists are afraid most of all, that is they are marked in the publication in figures 1 or 2.

Kornegryz red-haired - the last time this beetle lived exclusively in the Lower Volga region, was seen on the territory of the region in 1994. The area of habitation is Lake Elton.

Another endangered species is bronzovka smooth. This representative of the lamellar prefers to settle on old, century-old trees. All because larvae of bronze develop in the rotten bark, and adults eat wood juice. Most prefer oak groves, but are found on fruit trees, for example, apples and pears. The decrease in the number is due to the cutting of old plantations.

Particularly protected in the Volgograd region and a beetle from the family of weevils-four-sparse stekfaneleonus. This insect of ash-gray color reaches 1.5 centimeters in length. The preferred habitat is the steppe, but the larvae are deposited in the soil. The plowing and development of new lands is the main limiting factor.

Protected in the region and butterflies. We will name a few species: dandelion silkworm, peacock eye small, titania, teddy bear, dawn zegris, lucina, pigeon roman. The disappearance of this species of insects is associated with the destruction of their habitats: forests, meadows and shrubs.

Fish

Some inhabitants of reservoirs also need special protection in the territory of the Volgograd region. Let us cite some representatives. First, they are lampreys, Caspian and Ukrainian. If the latter was seen recently in the basin of the Volga (in the Sura River), then the Caspian once lived here, but practically disappeared after the construction of the Volgograd Dam. The Ukrainian lamprey is smaller than the Caspian: the length of the body is 20 cm, while the latter reaches 55 cm.

Animals of the Volgograd region, listed in the Red Book, are also all kinds of fish. So, the sterlet is especially protected here. It is a small representative of the sturgeon family, which reaches 125 centimeters in length. Predator prefers small invertebrates, sometimes eats caviar. Lives up to 30 years. The main limiting factors are poaching (valuable commercial fish) and water pollution. Sterlet prefers crystal clear water.

Virtually disappeared from the waters of the region are trout, Azov beluga and Volga herring.

Reptiles

What other representatives includes the Red Book of the Volgograd Region? Its animals are diverse, among them there are representatives of reptiles.

For example, ordinary copperhead. Although this snake from the family of the monotypes for humans is not dangerous, it is destroyed as well as its habitats - forest glades, well warmed by the sun. Copper can have both a gray color, and yellow-brown and even brown. Its main difference is the band passing through the eye.

Protected in the Volgograd region are two types of skid: yellow-belly and four-lane. These monotonous well climb trees, where they also get their food. For a person do not pose a threat.

The only representative of the reptiles of the Red Book of the Volgograd region, dangerous to man - the viper Nikolsky. This snake has an even black color. Prefers moistened deciduous forests in river valleys. The main limiting factor is the destruction of habitat, trapping and mixing with an ordinary viper.

Birds

Another class of animals guarded by the Red Book of the Volgograd Region is birds. They are 54 species. We will analyze the most vulnerable.

First, it is worth paying attention to the representatives of ducks. This is the Lesser White-fronted Goose, and the marble teal, also the savage and the white-eyed duck. The last bird is a very rare visitor of the Volgograd region due to the fact that it does not have permanent nesting places. Also, the number of ducks is affected by the economic activity of man, associated with the destruction of their habitats. Unauthorized hunting is another factor.

Of the birds of prey, special fears are caused by the cop, steppe harrier, large spotted eagle, saker, peregrine falcon and steppe kestrel.

Black-backed grouse and bustard. The first bird lives on forest edges in packs, the second prefers the steppes. Their enemy is a man. The Drofa disappears due to the development of the steppes under arable land, and the black grouse mostly due to unauthorized hunting.

Mammals

Mammal animals of the Volgograd region, listed in the Red Book, is a Russian desman (its population has practically disappeared due to pollution of reservoirs and destruction of burrows), as well as rodents (a macknocked jerboa and a midday gerbil). Of predators, only the representative of the family kunih - bandaging causes special concerns.

Plants

Not only representatives of the fauna are guarded by the Red Book of the Volgograd Region. Plants are also represented in it. Let us analyze some of them. It should be said that here you can meet various representatives of the fauna - from mosses and lichens to mushrooms.

So, under special protection the Red book of the Volgograd region has taken plants, which are representatives of bryophytes. There are a lot of them. Let's enumerate the extremely rare: anomodon long-leaved, climatium arborescent, taxifillum vispelli, enkalipta, rotund.

From ferns it is necessary to distinguish the bristly bristles. This unique plant lives in temporary reservoirs, therefore its population depends on the amount of precipitation in the year. Also, the limiting factor is the economic activity of man: the development of meadows for pasture.

The primroses of the Volgograd Region are especially protected. The Red Book takes protection, for example, a peony thin-leaved, which blooms by the beginning of May. This beautiful flower attracts attention, which is why it is often torn off for bouquets. In addition, the area of distribution is subject to trampling when grazing livestock. Another primroses of the Red Book is hazel grouse Russian, belonging to the family of daylilies. Tulips of Gesner and two-flowered are also protected by the Red Book of the Volgograd Region. Plants included in it, it is forbidden to disrupt and use even for personal purposes.