Purification of water from the well. Filter for water purification from the well

Very often in country houses, the only source of water is a well or well located on the site. From them, a pipeline is laid to the pumping station and wiring is carried out for all points of the draw-off. In fact, this is a classical scheme, which is one of the most acceptable in the absence of a central water supply.

The current problem

Thus, it is possible to solve the issue of water supply quite easily. This makes it possible to ensure the operation of automatic washing machines, electric water heating boilers and even dishwashers, that is, in this respect, to get the usual benefits of civilization. However, the use of water obtained from underground sources can be dangerous. And not only for the "health" of household appliances, but for the person himself. The reason for this is in substances dissolved in water, which can be very harmful.

Many private suburban areas border on fields on which various crops are grown by farmers - sunflower, rapeseed, corn, etc. A couple of dozen years ago this would not mean anything, except the possibility of making reserves at another's expense. Now everything was different, and instead of the old lady-polls, who were brought to the fields to fight weeds, farmers use chemical means of protection. These are pesticides, herbicides, growth stimulants and fertilizers. The problem is that all this "bouquet" after use falls into the soil, and from there - into underground water sources. Needless to say, cleaning the water from a well is a necessity, which in the literal sense can save lives?

Preparation

Before acquiring and installing water purification systems from the well, it is necessary to make several preparatory stages:

- Update the stock in the well or well. For this, it is necessary to pump out all the water so that a new one comes to replace it.

- Clean the clay and sand, which are gradually washed up during operation.

- Wash the capacity of the accumulator, since a couple of years of work there is going to a lot of dirt.

- Take a water sample for a detailed analysis.

By the way, sometimes this is enough to normalize the quality. Nevertheless, regardless of the result, the filter of water purification from the well is a necessity. The only question is which one.

Existing options

The element for which water purification is needed is a well. The price of the system for removing impurities sometimes exceeds the cost of organizing the source itself. Although this, of course, is an exception. It is important to understand that this issue is extremely important, because the received liquid is used not only for technical needs, but also for cooking.

It is only necessary to decide how the water is to be cleaned from the well after the results of the analysis are obtained. There are no other options. Acquisition and installation of a powerful purification system that can remove virtually any impurities is fraught with significant financial costs and is hardly advisable. Similarly, the installation of cheap options can be just a calming factor, in fact, ineffective.

For example, with an increase in the depth of a well in water, more calcium and magnesium salts are found - those that cause scaling in the kettle. Water from super-deep sources, as a rule, requires removal of fluorine compounds. In any case, the optimal solution is a complex purification organization, which includes several stages.

For orientation in the cost of treatment systems, we give a small list:

- the simplest three-step solutions, including three stages of filtration, will cost not less than 2800 rubles;

- for reverse osmosis household will have to give more than 8,000 rubles;

- productive balonovye systems cost not less than 30 thousand rbl.

Elimination of large particles

Every owner of an autonomous water supply system, in assembling and setting up a pumping station, must ensure that mechanical cleaning of the water from the well is performed. Filters of this kind are designed to remove particles of clay, sand (turbidity) and some impurities that impart a smell to the water. The simplest solution that gives a rough cleaning is the installation on the intake manifold of a screen filter with a variable "window" size. It should be used in any case.

More expensive solutions are electromagnetic, taking metals and their salts from the stream. But, perhaps, the best option is to clean the water from the well with a porous filter stage. Typically, this is a polypropylene block that holds particles larger than 5 microns in diameter. It is installed in front of the other cleaning systems.

The efficiency of this unit can be checked at the current maintenance of the pumper accumulator: if clay and sand were collected in it, the rough cleaning is not effective enough.

How to remove salts

The real trouble of all owners of wells and wells is increased rigidity. Brown color, metallic taste, scum on the heating elements of appliances and the bottom of the teapot are indirect signs of excessive mineralization. If you speak in scientific terms, then if you exceed 3 mg per liter, you should think about easing. True, if the rigidity is less than 2 mg / l, the process of corrosion of iron water pipes can accelerate .

It is impossible to directly filter the salts of calcium and magnesium. This requires either distillation, or a system that allows exchanging rigid impurities for safe sodium. It is the latter solution that is most often used. Water, passing through a special block with ion-exchange resin, leaves in it everything that gives scum and settles in the kidneys, and in return acquires sodium compounds, completely safe. Subsequently, maintenance of the cleaning unit is required, which allows it to be restored. The harder the water, the faster the life of such a filter ends.

If a balloon system is used, it is worthwhile to think about installing a special salt tank, which helps regenerate the ion exchange resin, several times increasing the duration of this unit.

As already mentioned, the cleaning of hard water from the well can be carried out by distillation. At the output is almost ideal liquid, devoid of impurities. By passing through the mineralizer, they can be dosed back. The lack of distillers in high electrical power and low efficiency. For example, the model AE-5, consuming 4 kW, is able to give out just over 30 liters per hour.

Stage Three

Purification of water from the well also includes the passage of fluid through another block - the carbon filter. Most often as an active ingredient is a burned coconut shell. When it is sintered at certain temperatures, large pores are formed in the coal structure, which retard impurities. This unit is nonrecoverable, so the cartridge must be replaced after the time specified in the instruction.

Bringing up the ideal

And, finally, water purification from the well is unthinkable without a reverse osmosis filter. Since the analysis of underground sources "swim" depending on the season and a number of other factors, it is necessary to protect yourself to the maximum extent possible by providing this nuance. An excellent solution is to install the last unit, which includes a reverse osmosis membrane. The special material from which it is made has so small pores that only water molecules and some impurities can pass through them in very limited quantities. For the operation of such a block, it is necessary that the water inlet pressure is not lower than 3 Atm. Otherwise, an auxiliary booster pump is required. The impurities trapped by the membrane are washed off and removed from the block.

Feature of osmosis

Theoretically, reverse osmosis filtration can solve most of the cleaning problems. However, in this mode of operation, the membrane quickly fails, so the bulb with the filter element is part of a three-stage system, which includes coarse cleaning, softening and removal of other impurities. It is worth noting that even nitrate, pesticides and some other similar substances used in modern agricultural technologies do not save osmosis. In the best case, it is possible to reduce the concentration of these elements several times, but a multistage system is required for complete removal. The cost of such decisions starts from 8 thousand rubles. However, we recommend to refrain from cheap models in case of using water from the well.