Nutrients (root feeding of grapes) under the bush should be laid when planting it. At the bottom of the landing pit with a diameter and depth of 80 cm, a spade of wood ash or 400 g of superphosphate double is poured in , the grass compost is applied with a layer of 15 cm. Two opposite conditions must be taken into account for the root system of the grape bush. First: the roots do not need to be buried more than 30-40 cm. Then they warm up in time in the spring and will not delay the development of the vine. Second: the roots must have a large supply of moisture, which is possible only at great depths. Therefore, for irrigation and the introduction of liquid fertilizing of grapes, it is necessary to prepare this way: from a special perforated drainage pipe with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 2.5 m, a ring is placed on the bottom of the pit. One end of the pipe is closed tightly. At the other end, a plastic tube with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 50-60 cm is inserted, which comes to the surface of the earth. Around the pipe arrange drainage from a layer of coarse gravel, crushed stone or expanded clay 10 cm thick. The drainage layer is laid with rods, fragments of slate, so that the drainage does not swim with the ground. The pipe is in a cloth cover, which prevents siltation of the holes by the ground. The purpose of a complex drainage device is understandable: the watering and feeding of grapes will be brought to the deep roots, which stimulates the growth of the bush. The upper "rosy" roots of the plant in the absence of irrigation from above will be weak, which will reduce the likelihood of weakening the plant in the winter. The air will also flow through the pipe over a large area. In the pit a layer of earth is poured into 20 cm and a seedling is put on it. Fill the pit to the top with earth. It is important to spread all the roots and direct them in depth.
Proper watering
Grapes are abundantly watered 2-3 times per summer. The first time - at the beginning of the vegetation before the opening of the eyes. It will be wonderful if the first watering is done with melt water. The next abundant watering - before the beginning of the coloring of berries. If the weather is too arid, then you can pour well during the growth of berries. You can not water the grapes during the flowering period, this will cause the fall of the flowers. Stop watering 3 weeks before harvest, so that the skin on ripening berries does not burst from excessive moisture, and the vine has had time to coarsen (mature). Autumn is carried out water-charging watering, profuse and deeply wetting the soil. Irrigation is combined with top dressing.
Feeding of grapes
If organic seeds and mineral fertilizers are added to the grape seedlings , the planting pit is filled with fertile soil, then for a few years they will need only regular liquid fertilizing. From organic fertilizers: a slurry solution, a solution of chicken manure, wood ash. Pre-mullein or chicken droppings are fermented for 10 days in a barrel, then the water is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 and poured the solution into a drainage well, along a bucket for each bush. This fertilizer, containing nitrogen, is used from spring to mid-summer.
Adding grape ash is carried out in spring and autumn. In the spring the ashes are introduced into the soil around the bush. We need to do for this fossa depth of 20-30 cm, fill them with ashes and close the ground. Above the soil, sprinkle abundantly with ashes and promulgate. For one adult bush, 2 kg of ash is sufficient. In the autumn, under water-absorbing watering, four buckets of water are poured under the bush, and in the fifth, 300 g of ash are dissolved and poured out under the grapes. It is good to carry out foliar top dressing with ashes. To do this, dissolve the ash in water in a proportion of 1: 2 and leave for 2 days, stirring occasionally. Stirred water, drain, filter and add 2 volumes of water to the solution. Spray the leaves on both sides. This feeding will also be a protection against fungal diseases of grapes. Mineral fertilizers are applied in the form of a solution during irrigation and only in drainage wells. Spring top dressing: nitrogen 20 g, phosphorus 30 g and potassium 15 g per bucket of water under each bush. After the grapes bloom and before the ripening begins, mineral dressings of grapes are made: 10 g of potassium salt, 145 g of ammonium nitrate and superphosphate, 25 g are dissolved in a bucket of water and poured into a drainage tube. To feed the plant with calcium, you need top dressing with lime - 150 grams per bush. Fall in the soil to a depth of 20 cm, in the spring - to a depth of 5 cm.