Diseases of grapes, methods of their prevention.

To date, grapes, cultivated in ancient times, has accumulated a sufficient number of different diseases, which we need to fight, because there is a probability of non-receipt of the crop. Diseases of grapes are divided into non-infectious and infectious.

1. Non-infectious diseases are manifested as a result of the influence of adverse phenomena of nature, for example, hail, drought or heat. It is often enough that a plant gets sick, because the soil is oxidized, or it becomes salted. Also, the soil may not pass through moisture or be poor in the various nutrients necessary for normal plant growth. All these factors in frequent cases are the cause of grape disease and even its breakdown.

Diseases can be manifested in the weak development of vine bushes, in the appearance of asymmetry, shortening of shoots and the appearance of necrosis. On the bushes often formed spots, ovaries and berries begin to dry up, crests dry up and crack, change their color.

If these manifestations are found on time, the bushes can be saved.

2. Infectious diseases of grapes can spread from sick bushes to healthy ones under the influence of bacteria, fungi or viruses. This group of diseases is especially dangerous, since it has the property of hitting a huge area of plants in a short time interval and even destroying them. Infection occurs by transferring dangerous bacteria and spores by wind, animals, water, as well as a person and inventory from the dead parts of affected bushes to healthy shrubs.

With such diseases, it is necessary to fight with all known and accessible methods: to carry out prevention, to preserve the agrophone, and to carry out quarantine. However, if the infected grape disease was passed on to healthy shrubs, immediate measures should be taken to exterminate them.

It is recommended to use those varieties of grapes that have high resistance to various diseases, as well as pests. It should be noted that European varieties of this fruit bush are most susceptible to infection and exposure to harmful insects. For example, consider some diseases of grapes that are of an infectious nature.

1. Rocks of roots. Affects overground stiff parts of grapes, mostly on grafted vines. This is facilitated by its defeat during pruning or grafting, as well as insect damage and adverse natural phenomena.

When pruning a vine, the pruned sections of grapes are cut and their incineration and disinfection of the garden tool is mandatory. Strongly affected saplings are completely removed.

2. Rubella. Affected bushes have red or yellow spots on the leaves. Infection occurs at a temperature of twenty degrees in the absence of moisture. The disease develops from the lower part of the bush.

When infected with rubella, bushes are sprinkled with Bordeaux liquid, while the fallen leaves are burned and the soil is kept moist.

3. Mildew - disease of the green part of the vine, expressed in the appearance of yellowish spots, on which, in wet weather, a so-called gray fuzz is formed, which later spreads to flowers, buds and berries, so the latter eventually wither and fall. In wet weather, pathogenic bacteria multiply and infect large areas of shrubs.

It is necessary to prevent this disease. This requires a good ventilation of the vineyard, it is not allowed to accumulate moisture. It is recommended to plant bushes along the winds, avoiding swampy and low-lying places.

Thus, having examined the diseases of grapes and the struggle against them, by what means is possible today, it should be noted that timely preventive measures exclude the possibility of contamination by pathogenic bacteria of shrubs.