Pneumonia: treatment, nursing in therapy

Among human diseases, pneumonia, or pneumonia, is not the last place.

For the infectious diseases the entire respiratory system and, in particular, the lungs are very vulnerable. If there is no nursing in therapy, airborne transmission most often involves the transmission of infection, however great the variety of modes of infection. That is why in the fight against many bacteria and viruses in the forefront are the upper respiratory tract. However, certain conditions - a violation of the qualitative composition of the air, high activity of the microbe, a decrease in immunity, etc. - contribute not to the localization of the infectious process only in the larynx, nasopharynx or trachea, but its spreading down. It is possible that the whole process will end only with bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi, their mucous membranes. But often the disease develops further, inflammation of the lung tissue occurs, pneumonia becomes ripe.

Nursing in antibiotic therapy is subject to the following principles: treatment should begin immediately, it is necessary to take into account the type of pathogen and its susceptibility to the selected drug, to use the optimal mode of drug administration, which contributes to its necessary concentration in the lesion focus. After the normalization of body temperature, it is necessary to inject drugs for another 3-4 days.

In the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia penicillins, macropide and cephalosporins are used. The method of administration and dosage of drugs depends on the severity of the disease. In hospital conditions, penicillin with clavulanic acid, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, third generation cephalosporins , etc. are also used. In case of pneumonia of unknown etiology, combined therapy of several antibiotics is prescribed.

The protracted nature of pneumonia involves the appointment of immunomodulating drugs: sodium nucleate, interferon. When intoxication is prescribed haemodesis, plasma, rheopolyglucin.

Acute respiratory insufficiency in the patient requires prompting to cough, bronchoscopy evacuation of mucus and pus, inhalation of a mixture of air and oxygen in a ratio of 1: 1 (this is part of the nursing process for pneumonia). To improve bronchial patency, bronchodilin is prescribed, expectorants are potassium iodide, bromhexine, mucaltin. Acceleration of resorption of the inflammatory process, improvement of drainage function is provided by physiotherapeutic treatment: alkali inhalation, ascorbic acid electrophoresis, calcium chloride, etc. Also, mustard plasters are prescribed. A patient with asthenia can delay the process of stopping coughing, reducing shortness of breath. With the help of a nurse, the patient is trained in respiratory gymnastics and under supervision of the medical staff performs it twice a day. The use of complex treatment in the vast majority of cases leads to recovery of the patient and restoration of work capacity.

Nursing in the therapy for the prevention of pneumonia involves general hygiene measures - isolation of the sick, airing the premises, adherence to the working and nutrition regime, etc., personal prevention - smoking cessation, hardening, physical education, and the elimination of foci of infection - sinusitis, chronic tonsillitis, etc. viral and bacterial pneumonia is the timely implementation of measures against the epidemic: the rational treatment of acute respiratory infections, bronchitis, tracheitis until complete healing, voevremennoy influenza vaccination. Sisterhood is responsible for prevention in medical institutions.

Acute pneumonia is a serious test not only for the patient, but also for the medical staff, a successful exit from which will be a timely diagnosis of the disease, adequate treatment and careful care of the patient. That is why nursing is so important in therapy.