Petroleum products - what is it and where do they use it?

Oil (or "black gold") is a combustible liquid fossil having a biological origin. This is a peculiar mixture of hydrocarbons with compounds that contain oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen.

What is petroleum products?

Petroleum products are the resulting mixtures after processing of "black gold". Initially, distillation is carried out. Then clean. In oil there are almost five hundred chemical compounds. All of them are in different aggregate states. They can be gaseous, solid and liquid.

How to determine the presence of oil in wastewater?

The definition of oil products in wastewater is carried out by three main methods:

• Gravimetric;
• Gas chromatography;
• IR spectrometric.

With the correct application of any of the listed methods, accurate results are obtained for determining the presence and quantity of oil. There are two other ways to determine. But they do not show very accurate results and require additional verification. The main method of determining oil is called gravimetric.

The industrial value of oil

Oil is one of the most valuable types of raw materials, which has a second name - "black gold". And all because the countries in which there are deposits of this combustible liquid fossil are leading in the world economy. Petroleum products are processed oil, whose products have entered all spheres of human life.

In everyday life, people often use substances or objects made of "black gold". And often they do not even realize that the combustible fossil is part of the usual things in everyday life. These are kettles, washing machines, toys and much more.

Where are oil products stored?

Storage of "black gold" and petroleum products is carried out in special containers, which are installed not only in oil fields, but also pumping and loading stations. And also in factories for processing, oil depots and gas stations.

The oil product tank is made of non-combustible materials. Containers can be located directly on the ground or under it. The most popular are cylindrical tanks made of steel. At small oil bases, sub- and above-ground horizontal cylindrical tanks are installed. Distributed RVS tanks with spherical, shield and conical roof. The bottom of them is flat.

Reservoirs can be low, high and excess pressure. Large reserves of oil and petroleum products are stored mainly in underground storage facilities. Safe and proper operation of the tanks is provided by additional special equipment.

Control over the quality of petroleum products

The quality of oil products is checked in laboratories by the method of samples. Starting from the moment of receiving the liquid fossil, to the final consumption. Oil samples are sometimes very different. The quality of "black gold" largely depends on the depth of its location. And oil products differ in place and mode of production, exactly how it was carried out. Important conditions and duration of storage. Therefore, to determine the quality of petroleum products there are GOSTs, which should be oriented.

In which areas are oil and oil products used?

One of the most valuable properties of oil is combustion. Therefore, first of all, this liquid fossil is used in industry as a fuel. Modern fuel consists of oil more than 50%. The second place in the use of oil and oil products is the domestic sphere. In addition, in the form of secondary raw materials is used in medicine and cosmetology. Of petroleum products, jewelry and synthetic fabrics are made.

Where is oil and its waste used in raw form?

In its original form, liquid mineral fossil oil is rarely used. Only when building pipelines and power lines. After extraction, "black gold" is being processed. First, the raw material is purified. Then the primary processing is carried out. At this time, oil is distilled, divided into constituent components. Then, the secondary processing of "black gold" occurs, when the structure of the carbon of a natural fossil is changing.

Use of oil in industry

Waste of "black gold" is used for the production of coke, which is then used in metallurgy, and for the manufacture of welding electrodes. Refined oil is oil products. Russia is one of the countries that has huge reserves of "black gold" on its territory, its extraction is carried out all the year round.

There is even such a variety as "white oil", which contains more than eighty percent of kerosene, it is used to treat oncology. Folk healers make of this oil tinctures, compresses and ointments.

After the initial processing, various types of substances are obtained:

• Diesel oil;
• petrol;
• Jet and diesel fuel ;
• Fuel oil;
• lubricants;
• Liquefied gas.

After processing of fuel oil, an oil residue appears, from which:

• bitumen;
• paraffin;
• Liquid fuel for boiler houses;
• Many oils;
• asphalt.

The components that are obtained during the primary processing of oil are used in the cosmetic sphere, the construction of roads and houses.

After recycling, oil is used to make:

• Rubber;
• Polymers;
• Synthetic fabrics;
• Rubber;
• Film materials;
• Detergents;
• Paint and varnish coatings;
• Fertilizers;
• Road surfaces, etc.

Use of oil in cosmetology

The high quality of some petroleum products makes it possible to widely apply them in cosmetology. Recycled "black gold" has become the basis for shadows, lacquers, eyeliner and lip pencils. Most perfume and toilet waters are partially made up of petroleum products. And also they are a part of dyes and various costume jewelery.

The use of "black gold" in medicine

Petroleum products are past processing and purification of "black gold". In it, many useful properties have been discovered, which have found their application in medicine. The most common drug is acetylsalicylic acid, or "Aspirin." In the late nineteenth century, scientists found a way to extract the drug from phenol. It is based on the following:

• Antibiotics;
• Medical preparations from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• Antiseptics;
• Antituberculous drugs;
• Sedatives.

Oil in food composition

In modern times, petroleum products - this is part of the components of some food products. The use of liquid natural fossil for human food was made possible through the synthesis of protein. It is produced from oil products waste. The obtained artificial protein perfectly replaces the animal and is widely used for the production of many food products.

It is possible to list everything that is produced from oil for a long time. These are many items used by people in everyday life. The widespread use of oil is the main reason for the regular increase in its price. And this is true, since "black gold" gives the opportunity to warm up, move quickly, and also contributes to the creation of comfortable living conditions. Without all this, modern life is difficult to imagine.