Orders of Adverbs

The adverb is the developing part of speech. Linguists who study the Old Russian language, argue that even in Old Russian scriptures there were adverbs. Even then, their first groups and subgroups were outlined according to the methods of formation and morphological meanings.

Adverbs in sentences more often perform the syntactic role of circumstances. By lexical value, two groups are distinguished: circumstantial and definitive categories of adverbs.

Definitive Adverbs

These adverbs denote quantitative and qualitative signs of action, state and other characteristics. Ranks of adverbs are divided into three subgroups:

1. Quantitative adverbs. Denote the degree of quality and measure of action, answer the questions: to what extent? how? (Examples - little, doubly, slightly, full, up to dark, a lot, almost).
2. Qualitative adverbs. They are formed from qualitative adjectives, determine the quality of the feature or the subject, answer the question how? (Examples - weak, modest, fast, dark, slow)
3. Image and degree of action. The adverb characterizes how actions are performed, answers questions: how? as? (Examples - to smithereens, blindly, surreptitiously, to the touch)

Adverbial adverbs

Circumstances of adverbs describe the target, temporal, causal and spatial relationships. Divided into 4 groups:

1. Adverbs of the place. Point to the scene, answer the questions: where? Where from? where? (Examples - right, left, top, here, everywhere, there, there).
2. Adverbs of time. Point out the time of the action, answer the questions: since when? How long? when? (Examples are today, yesterday, constantly, sometimes, daily, in summer, in spring, until now).
3. Adverbs of the goal. Denote the purpose of the action, that is, why this action is being performed, answer the question: for what purpose? what for? (Examples - for show, out of spite, accidentally, accidentally, intentionally, intentionally).
4. Adverbs of reason. The reason why the actions take place answers the question: why? (Examples - because, from the heat, from evil, through stupidity, gift, blindness).

Adverbs also relate to other independent parts of speech - adjectives, nouns, verbs, pronouns, numerals and gerunds.

The formation of adverbs occurs in several ways:

1. Fusion of prepositions with an independent part of speech with simultaneous rethinking of the case form and its transformation into several separate words.
2. Repetition of words with the addition of prepositions-prefixes (for example, na) to the form of adverb (example - dry-dry). Repetition of the same word in different case forms (examples - white-white, black-black). Also use a repetition of words with a synonymous meaning (examples - tightly-fastened, similarly-pozdorovu).
3. The transition from one to another part of speech. So, widespread reinterpretation of gerunds by loss of species and temporal meanings (examples - lying, standing, unwillingly, immediately).
4. The formation of adverbs by adding suffixes to the basis of the adjective and participle present tense (examples - singing, widely, menacingly, friendly). Also this method is applied to quantitative numerals (once, twice).
5. Suffix-prefix method. Adverbs are formed from pronouns and adjectives with the help of two suffixes-emu and -omu. Also add prefix (examples - the old, the spring, in a new, in a good way, in English).
6. Also adverbs can be formed from stable expressions, which are used in the form of circumstances (examples - hand to hand, sleeves, upside down, no light is dawn than light, hastily).

These are the main ways of forming adverbs.

Spelling of Adverbs

One of the most difficult sections is the rules of spelling, which are subject to different categories of adverbs. However, most of them should be written down.

Adverbs perform one of the important functions of speech: they supplement the grammatical basis and clarify spoken or written phrases.

To the morphological features of this part of speech, linguists refer to the immutability of adverbs, that is, the absence of several forms of changes in numbers and cases and the presence of certain derivational suffixes.