Oncomarker REA. Oncomarker REA - transcript

Cancer pathologies today occupy one of the leading places among dangerous human diseases. A tumor can affect various internal organs and systems. This article will tell you how some oncological diseases are diagnosed, what is the analysis for oncomarkers (CEA and others).

Colon cancer

This malignant tumor is formed in the mucosa lining the walls of the thick intestine. The localization of the neoplasm may be different. In many cases, the tumor is found in the straight, blind and sigmoid colon. Among the causes of pathology, it should be noted, first of all, the nature of nutrition. As a rule, in patients predominate in the diet of flour, fatty, meat dishes. At the same time, the content of plant foods is very limited. The next reason that provokes colon cancer is a disorder of the stool, usually manifested in the form of constipation. This condition also arises due to inaccuracies in nutrition, an incorrect lifestyle (hypodynamia), emotional overload and other. Particularly important are diseases of the colon, including congenital ones. Often, cancer develops in people in old age.

How is a large intestine tumor diagnosed?

External signs during the usual examination of the doctor, as a rule, is not noticeable. A tumor can be probed through the peritoneal wall at large sizes or in thin patients. Of particular importance in the detection of pathology are various instrumental studies. In particular, the x-ray of the peritoneum. With the use of modern techniques and high level of knowledge, specialists are able to detect cancerous lesions even in the absence of pronounced clinical signs. X-ray examination is carried out using a contrast mixture of barium, which is administered by enema or given orally. When lesions in the distal divisions (sigmoid colon) among the necessary diagnostic methods, there is a colonoscopy and a sigmoidoscopy, during which a visual examination of the intestinal mucosa takes place. When a tumor is detected, a biopsy or biological material is taken. The exclusion of metastasis in the liver is carried out by ultrasound. Laparoscopy is also shown during the examination. This study makes it possible to exclude the generalization of the malignant process. Selection of patients for examination is performed after assessment of clinical symptoms, based on a laboratory study of feces for the presence of blood in it. Of particular importance is the analysis of REA. What is this test?

Cancer-embryonic antigen

Oncomarker REA is a protein that is used in diagnosing many cancer pathologies. Its level indicates the development of malignant process. In addition, based on the results of the test, the effectiveness of the treatment is assessed. The lack of protein in the blood testifies, as a rule, about a healthy state of the patient. Study of the content of CEA, the norm of which will be indicated below, allows to detect not only neoplasms in the large intestine. As a rule, several tests are assigned, which allow the most accurate description of the clinical picture. Experts diagnose tumors in the dairy and pancreas, liver, stomach, cervix, lungs and gall bladder, using different oncomarkers. CEA, the indicators of which do not always indicate the presence of cancer, refers to nonspecific antigens.

Oncomarker REA. Explanation

If a deviation from conventional CEA values is detected, the oncomarker is elevated, as a rule, this indicates the presence of a malignant tumor process in the region of the thick, especially the direct part of the intestine. An increase in concentration occurs with certain inflammatory and benign pathologies, as well as with smokers "with experience." In this regard, the detection of antigen is not an occasion for setting a definitive diagnosis. The CEA analysis may indicate the need for an additional study. What are the meanings for men and women? When carrying out the test for the oncomarker CEA, its content in the blood for patients of both sexes is <6.5. The increase in concentration in the dynamics (in the conduct of repeated studies) in patients receiving therapy for malignant processes indicates ineffective treatment and metastasis (often three to six months before the manifestation of symptoms) or the development of relapse.

Mammary cancer

This pathology is a malignant tumor, which is characterized by quite aggressive development and the ability to very active metastasis. In cancer of the breast, a test for the oncocomarker 15-3 (CA) is performed. If there is a malignant process, its concentration increases. Against the background of benign tumors, the antigen content changes slightly in the direction of increase or remains at a normal level. In addition, deviations from the generally accepted values are observed against the background of a cancerous lung injury. The norm of this antigen for women is <25.0.

Causes of cancer in the mammary gland

As a rule, the provoking factor are hormonal disorders of the body. In women, this condition occurs when entering into the climacteric age against the background of an active adjustment of steroid regulation. In this case, the ovaries decrease activity, the production of estrogen and progesterone decreases. As a result, the body is in a state of "hormonal crisis".

Symptoms of pathology

Most often, the nodular form of the disease is diagnosed. In this case, a dense nodule measuring 0.5-5 and more centimeters is found. Extremely aggressive manifestations of a diffuse form of cancer in the mammary gland. The pathology develops very quickly, while the tumor has no clear boundaries, it is sort of "distributed" over the skin and gland. Rozhistopodobnaya and mastitobodobnaya forms occur against a background of soreness, an increase in temperature to 39 degrees. The skin in the area of the mammary gland acquires a bright red color.

Necessary studies for suspected cancer in the mammary gland

There is a minimum of diagnostic measures that are prescribed for patients at risk for malignant pathologies. With confirmed (based on a biopsy and the results of an X-ray examination) cancer and with suspicion of it, ultrasound of the lymph nodes of the axillary region is appointed to detect the metastasis process in them, x-ray of the sternum, ultrasound of the peritoneum (to exclude distant metastases to other organs). The test for oncomarker (CEA and other antigens) does not allow to diagnose cancer with accuracy. The laboratory study only indicates the presence of possible violations in the body. Confirmation of the presence of malignant process is carried out by conducting additional studies.

Rules of preparation for the surrender of blood

It should be noted that with the appointment of the test for the oncomarker REA, however, as well as a number of other antigens, there are a number of requirements, on the accuracy and reliability of the results depends on which performance. First of all, it is recommended to give blood in the morning, from 8 to 11 hours. The study is performed on an empty stomach. Between him and the meal should be no less than eight hours. On the eve of blood sampling it is necessary to exclude physical activity, alcohol. The patient should inform the doctor about all medications taken. In agreement with a specialist, the use of drugs before the study should be discontinued. Before donating blood (for an hour or two) it is necessary to refrain from smoking, not drinking tea, coffee, juice. It is allowed to use non-carbonated water. 15 minutes before taking the test, the patient should rest and calm down.

Conclusion

As it was said above, oncomarkers are substances of protein origin. They are produced by cancer cells. Normally, they should not be in the body. It should be said that laboratory tests for the presence of oncomarkers do not allow, as a rule, accurate diagnoses. Assessment of the condition by a specialist is carried out on the basis of the results of other activities that constitute a patient's examination. Moreover, some oncomarkers, for example CA 15-3, have little diagnostic value. In this regard, such tests are used not to identify the pathology itself, but to determine the presence or absence of metastasis in the early stages. However, these substances produced by cancer cells are of particular importance for patients receiving treatment for malignant processes. Studying the dynamics of changes in concentration of oncomarkers, the doctor understands how effective these or other therapeutic measures are. This allows you to adjust the treatment scheme, choose the most effective drugs and procedures. But only complex research allows to avoid diagnostic errors.