Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov is a fleet admiral. The Russian aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov"

Great Russian generals created the glory of Russian weapons on land, in the air and on the sea. Peter I planned the development of the country as a naval power, laying the first shipyards and attracting foreign engineers. His works enabled Russia to win many high-profile victories at sea. Ushakov, Nakhimov - these are the first naval commanders, whose names our country can be proud of. In the USSR, the successor of their victories was Admiral Kuznetsov, his life was inextricably linked with the naval forces.

Biography

According to the very Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov, the experience of control of the ship is not given immediately, it must be obtained by passing the way from the sailor. This was the beginning of the rapid career of a young boy from the village of Medvedka in the Astrakhan region. The future Admiral Kuznetsov got to the fleet at the age of 15, adding to his age two years, he volunteered for the Civil War. In 1919 he fought as a sailor on the ship of the North-Dvinskaya flotilla. After graduating from the naval school, and then the academy with honors, Kuznetsov goes to serve in the Black Sea Fleet. The cruiser "Chervona Ukraine" became for him a seaman's school, which began from the position of a watchman. Since 1933 he became commander of the cruiser, during the next five years of service the ship is marked as exemplary for military training, discipline, and shooting performance. The fleet began talking about the creation of the Kuznetsov system, which became the method of military training of ships in all the fleets of the USSR. The youngest captain of the first rank in 1935 was awarded the Order of the Red Star. During the service on the cruiser Kuznetsov develops new tactical methods of naval combat, realizes the importance of aerial reconnaissance. In his theoretical accounts, it is said that the interaction of all types of troops should yield high results in the conduct of military operations. The most important role in it was assigned to aviation. Later this theory was not only confirmed, but, thanks to Kuznetsov, saved many lives, making a tangible contribution to the victory of the USSR on the fronts of World War II.

Spain

In 1936, the tasks of volunteer sailors in the fight against fascism were the timely delivery and unloading of aid coming from the USSR. Kuznetsov as a naval attache in Spain in practice is convinced of the correctness of his theory. The enemy aircraft drowned transport ships on the approaches to the ports, their actions significantly complicated the unloading, which reflected the effectiveness of military operations. Kuznetsov creates a new kind of troops - naval aviation, which is based in the port area and repels attacks by enemy fighters. For this work he is awarded the orders of the "Red Banner" and "Lenin". Returning from Spain in 1937, Kuznetsov is appointed first deputy and then commander-in-chief of the Pacific Fleet. The main rule that he took out of the fighting in Spain is the constant readiness of each ship and the fleet as a whole.

Before the war

In the 1930s, the USSR began the creation of a new, more powerful fleet, which was destroyed during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904. The future admiral Kuznetsov in 1937 is a member of the Main Military Council of the Navy, which is created under the People's Commissariat. At 34, he became the youngest People's Commissar of the Navy. In his submission were young, not too experienced, but seeking to double the glory of Russian weapons officers. Kuznetsov was directly subordinate to Stalin, which greatly complicated his work. The Commander-in-Chief was going to build a new fleet of large ships - battleships, cruisers. Kuznetsov, on the contrary, insisted on the issue of sea-going vessels of different classes, including aircraft carriers. He proved to the leader the necessity of creating coastal aviation, capable of conducting quick reconnaissance and ensuring the safe movement of ships. An important role Kuznetsov assigned to the training of personnel, in the active troops regularly worked out combat situations, the readiness of each ship to a sudden attack. In the period from 1938 to 1948, many educational institutions were opened to create qualified naval officers and sailors. Kuznetsov personally visited every vessel, followed the observance of naval and disciplinary charters, assessed the actions of the ships in the exercises. By the time of the outbreak of the war, despite disagreements with Stalin, the young people's commissar had achieved many of his plans and created a new battle-worthy Soviet fleet.

The Great Patriotic War

The TASS reports, which deny the possibility of Germany's attack on the USSR, became a signal to Kuznetsov for action. The ships were stocked with fuel, a full inventory of the material and ammunition was carried out, patrols and reconnaissance were strengthened. Since May 1941, the staff was banned from leaving the shore, while at the same time, the political training of fighters intensified. The fleet met the onset of fascist aggression in full combat readiness, which allowed to avoid losses. Created before the war, the plan for defensive measures was unfolded on the orders of Kuznetsov without the direct intervention of the Commander-in-Chief. Fences were installed from mines, submarines unfolded, and enemy aircraft were destroyed on approach to the fleet bases. On June 24, the threat of blockage arose over the ships of the Baltic Navy, by order of Kuznetsov, he broke into Kronstadt, leaving Tallinn. Fleet artillery greatly helped in the defense of Leningrad and its liberation from the blockade. Seamen participated in land operations, helping to contain the fascist armada. Bombers of the Baltic Fleet in August 1941 dealt several massed blows at Berlin, they did not cause significant damage to the German capital, but raised the morale of our troops. Since 1944, by order of Commander in Chief Kuznetsov N. G. - Admiral of the fleet, this title was appropriated for the first time and was equated with the marshal's.

Result

The active combat actions of the Soviet fleet led to great losses on the part of the enemy. Admiral of the Navy, N. G. Kuznetsov, personally developed all the operations carried out, subsequently approved by the Commander-in-Chief, acted in constant consolidation with other branches of the armed forces. Ships, submarines during the war destroyed 1200 units (transport, security) of the enemy. Aviation of the Navy in battles and at airfields destroyed more than 5,000 German aircraft. At the same time, the forces of the Northern Fleet secured and transported goods from allied states. Hundreds of thousands of people were taken out on the road of life from the besieged Leningrad, more than 10 tons of cargo was delivered to a starving city. On minefields, more than 200 enemy ships were destroyed. Admiral of the fleet Kuznetsov was awarded the orders of "Ushakov" 1 degree, "Red Banner" and "Lenin." More than 70 ships were awarded Guards title, 513 sailors became Heroes of the Soviet Union. As Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov participated in international conferences, negotiations and meetings with the Allies.

After the war

The main task of peacetime was the restoration of the fleet. Shipbuilding projects (including aircraft carriers) and the development of naval forces were presented to Stalin personally by the People's Commissar. N. G. Kuznetsov, the admiral, famous in the war years, insisted on his plans and demands, which often disagreed with the leader's opinion. Because of these disagreements and the certainty of his rightness in 1948, Kuznetsov was demoted to the rank of Rear Admiral and nearly sat down in the dock. He spent six months without service, suffered a heart attack, but was able to start working as deputy commander-in-chief of the Navy of the Far East. It was there that he received the next rank of Vice Admiral for the second time. In 1951, on personal orders from Stalin, he returned to Moscow and was completely rehabilitated. The next rank Admiral N. Kuznetsov receives in 1953, he actively joins the work and seeks revision of the shipbuilding program.

Three times Admiral

The further fate of Nikolai Gerasimovich is connected with the transformation of the fleet, its close cooperation with the specialized departments and the USSR Academy of Sciences made it possible to create nuclear submarines. He attached great importance to equipping ships with missiles. They were located on submarines and surface vehicles. The idea of creating aircraft carriers did not find its embodiment until 1972, when this necessity was dictated by the conditions of the "cold war" with America. Kuznetsov's perseverance helped advance the fleet modernization program, but it aggravated his relationship with the ruling elite. Under Khrushchev, Admiral N. Kuznetsov was again demoted. His illness allowed him to be removed from the post of commander-in-chief of the Navy and effectively removed from the case to which he gave his whole life. But the fruits of his labors gave the result - Admiral Kuznetsov's aircraft carrier was built. In retirement Kuznetsov wrote a lot about the navy, translated foreign literature and evaluated his victories and defeats. He died on December 6, 1974, was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. For the third time, Kuznetsov became the admiral of the fleet after his death, this title was returned to him in 1988 under the pressure of his colleagues and Nikolai Gerasimovich's family.

Admiral Kuznetsov's aircraft carrier

In 1982, the fifth heavy cruiser was laid on the slipway of the Black Sea Shipyard. Its deck was intended for basing, landing and take-off of aircraft such as SU and MiG. From the moment the ship was laid down until the end of all types of tests, he had four names: "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". And only in 1990 the ship became known as the Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov. The ship was launched in 1985, it continued to be completed on completion, equipped and equipped. In 1989, a crew boarded its board, and the pilots began to test the runway landing characteristics of the strip. Su-25, Su-27, Mig 29 successfully coped with the tasks, after which the ship was moved to the dock for completion.

Equipment

The aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov underwent several reconstructions. Its radar, navigational, radio-electronic weapons should be constantly modernized. A ship of this size and class is very difficult to convert and expensive enough to keep in a state of combat readiness, but it is still in service today, is on duty in the Northern Fleet. Its displacement (maximum) is 61 tons, length - 306 meters, width - 71 meters. The overall height is 65 meters, the largest draft is 10 meters. Four five-bladed propellers are used as a propulsor, which are driven by diesel generators (6), steam turbines (4) and turbogenerators (9). Armament consists of rockets "Granite", "Dirk", "Dagger", antiaircraft artillery installations AK-630, anti-submarine bombs of the RBU. The basic aviation group includes fifty aircraft and helicopters.

Development

To date, the aircraft carrier of Admiral Kuznetsov is the largest ship of this type. Its analogues are not produced, the Navy's long-term plans in this direction are secret. But the leadership of the modern Russian fleet recognizes the fact that the development project created by N.G. Kuznetsov 50 years ago remains relevant at the present time. It is possible that soon new shipyards will be built in modern shipyards, which will be more in line with modern requirements. This applies to both weapons and ship engines. New naval vessels under the command of young naval commanders will conquer the expanses of the ocean and show the world the power of Russian weapons, but forget about people who wrote the first pages of this book, not worth it.