What is discrimination? Examples of racial, gender, religious discrimination

Discrimination is a term derived from the Latin discriminatio, which translates as "infringement." He is defined as a negative attitude, infringement and restriction in rights, as well as violence and all manifestation of hostility towards the subject because of his belonging to a particular social group. Individual species are widely known and have their own terminology. For example, racism - racial discrimination, sexism - gender discrimination. Examples of these and other manifestations of the infringement of human rights by belonging to a social group will be examined in the article below.

Gender discrimination

Gender discrimination is the restriction of rights and freedoms on the basis of gender. As already noted, this species has its own name. His name is sexism.
There is a reason why gender discrimination, examples of which are innumerable, goes first - its prevalence.

The manifestation of sexism occurs in the most diverse spheres of human life and takes a variety of forms and degrees: from petty bias to active hatred.

Forms of discrimination

There are the following types:

• Direct discrimination;
• Indirect discrimination.

Examples for the first case are obvious infringement of rights. This may be a denial of employment, education, humiliation and insults. The second case demonstrates hidden sexism. Examples include gender segregation (unequal distribution of the number of men and women in the professional sphere, deterrence of career growth), silence of gender issues in society.

It should be noted that all the above examples of discrimination against women, rather than men, as a much more common practice, although gender discrimination does not set such a framework in its definition. Movement against sexism - feminism, advocating for gender equality.

Racial discrimination

Racism, unfortunately, is also a very well-known phenomenon. It is defined as discrimination based on race. This type has deep roots: by giving examples of racial discrimination, enumeration can begin not with modern practice of dislike, but legal segregation in South America of the 50s, when there was a clear separation of public spaces for white and black people, false compromise of the latter, etc. .So, African Americans were often accused of crimes they did not commit.

Needless to say, with such an official state of affairs, the social attitude of the European race toward the Negroid was not any better. But in the United States, not only did this race come down with discrimination. Examples are again from history: racism towards the indigenous population of America, the Indians.

Nazi Germany

The clearest example of racial discrimination is the policy of the Third Reich, for which it has become not just a part, but an entire ideology. The superiority of one (in this case, the Aryan) race over others and in particular the oppression of the rest - such was the usual practice in Nazi Germany. And it was a dark time in the history of mankind.

Current time

But, unfortunately, racism is not just an example of discrimination against a person from the distant past, this is what exists in the modern world. Despite the fact that this phenomenon is being combated (racial segregation in South Africa, which existed until recently, finally ceased), none of the civilized countries can boast of its complete absence.

Skinheads

The movement of skinheads is one of the forms of manifestation of modern racism. Despite the fact that initially this culture did not have national prejudices, but was based on ordinary groups of British laborers, it has now acquired characteristic features. Among them are extreme nationalism, male chauvinism, and a tendency to violence as a solution to problems.

Many skinheads are hostile to foreigners. Especially it concerns those who at all times were persecuted in one way or another: the Negroid race, the Jews.

But the global problem of racism is not only skinheads, but the fact that most of the population tacitly supports them. Racist jokes remain jokes, but, as you know, every joke has some truth.

Religious discrimination

Religious discrimination is often called intolerance of other beliefs. This definition is due to the fact that it is the refusal to tolerate other people's religious beliefs called this term. If representatives of any faith claim that their system is correct, this is not considered religious discrimination.

Features

The main feature of religious discrimination is that sometimes it does not have a strictly religious background, but hidden social and political motives.

Current legislative provisions

Within the legislation of many countries there is an official ban on taking part in the manifestation of acts of religious intolerance.

The constitutions of other countries, in which there is no direct indication of religion, have provisions prohibiting discrimination on religious grounds. However, also the laws of some states suggest the preferences of one belief to another.

Religious Tolerance

There are countries that clearly support religious tolerance. They provide for debates about the boundaries of tolerance.

The problem of setting these boundaries is that some laws that prohibit religious discrimination are contrary to freedom of speech. That is why the texts of these laws usually include not only the behavior that is punished, but also its consequences.

For example, in Australia activities that incite enmity, show disrespect are prohibited, are a tool to ridicule the religious beliefs of others.

Discrimination in school

Examples of school discrimination are reduced to particular cases of manifestation of the above-mentioned species. Sexism here can also be direct or indirect: when the girls were left on duty and the boys were released home, this is the first time. It happens, however, and reverse discrimination on the floor. Examples are the restriction of the rights of boys and the preferential treatment of girls.

When a teacher underestimates the evaluation of one or another part of the class (depending on gender) - this is a case of indirect sexism. It is more difficult to deal with such a problem, because this kind is closely connected with the suppression of problems about discrimination.

Clashes between a teacher and a child on the basis of religious beliefs can occur because of official belief in the state. Then the school activities are likely to be designed for the religion of the majority of the population, and therefore, of the pupils.

Discrimination in Russia

It is sad to admit this, but the level of tolerance and tolerance in Russia is far from ideal.

Racism in Russia is particularly noticeable. Examples of discrimination in Russia: the ubiquitous problem - people from the Caucasus are detained for checking documents much more often than Russians. In addition, police officers do not hesitate to show a rude and pejorative attitude towards such persons.
A high level in the Russian Federation is achieved by discrimination on the basis of sex. Examples:

• It is always harder for women to find work;
• The salary for the same positions for men and women has significant differences.

The protection of women in Russia is mainly "armchair". It is noteworthy that the Constitution of the Russian Federation stipulates that both genders should have and have equal rights in the society. But the stereotypical thinking of citizens prevents it from being built to the realities of life. A male employee is always valued more, and a woman with her possible pregnancy and, as a consequence, a decree by the employer is perceived as an extra headache.

All these are vestiges of entrenched wrong beliefs. Any discrimination is born in the head: as an idea, as a principle, and only then as an action.