National Sustainable Development Strategy

On the instructions of the Russian government, a strategy was developed for the country's sustainable development until 2020, which is called "Strategy 2020". Over a thousand experts worked for it for a year, and in 2011 they coped with the help of the HSE and RASHiGS specialists with the program. This is the second version of the development of the KDR (the concept of long-term development), the first version was completed in 2007 by the Ministry of Economic Development and other departments, and the development was carried out on behalf of the Russian president.

First option

The concept (strategy) of sustainable development in the first version was intended to identify ways and means to ensure in the long term sustainable improvement of the well-being of citizens of the Russian Federation, national security, dynamic economic development, strengthening of Russia's position in the world community. The development covered the perspective from 2008 to 2020, and its final text (KDP-2020) was approved by the government in November 2008.

The emergence of the second option was necessary for two reasons. The strategy of sustainable development was approved at a time when the world financial and economic crisis has significantly increased. While the concept was being developed, it has not yet affected all countries, only developed ones, to which the Russian Federation did not belong. However, the sustainable development strategy was approved in the autumn of 2008, when the crisis also came to our country. The realities quickly changed, and the result was that even at the time of the concept's adoption, all of its postulates turned out to be obsolete.

A crisis

The crisis led to a very sharp and deepest fall of all economic indicators, and therefore a greater number of benchmarks, even the first stage of the implementation of the KDR-2020, turned out to be impossible. The national strategy for sustainable development initially covered the period from 2007 to 2012. It was planned by the end of this period to achieve an increase in life expectancy by two and a half years.

GDP was to grow by thirty-eight percent, and productivity growth to forty-one percent. GDP had to reduce energy intensity by nineteen percent. The real incomes of the population were planned to increase by fifty-four percent. And there are many other landmarks that could not be reached.

The second reason

According to the nature of the development, the national sustainable development strategy in its first version was clearly departmental, where all the quantitative guidelines that were to be achieved by 2020 in each sphere were indicated in detail. However, the problems that faced the Russian society and its economy, were not analyzed in detail. The way to achieve each goal was formulated declaratively.

For example: "A society based on the responsibility and trust of the population to private and state economic institutions should be formed." Social polarization will be reduced by equal opportunities for all levels of society and social mobility, social policy orientation to support vulnerable segments of the population and integration of migrants. " Naturally, such formulations can only ring loudly from their inner emptiness.

The second option

The strategy of sustainable development of the Russian Federation in its second version was developed in 2011 by order of the Prime Minister. Twenty-one expert groups were created, supervised by their rectors Vladimir Mau and Yaroslav Kuzminov at the sites of two universities - the Higher School of Economics and the Russian Academy of Sciences. Several hundred discussions, discussions and meetings took place. The strategy of sustainable development of Russia was developed by Russians and not only - more than 100 experts from abroad actively participated in creating a plan for the further life of our long-suffering Motherland.

Among the Russians who created the program for which we live for the seventh year, in particular, they worked: Lev Yakobson, Evsey Gurvich, Sergei Drobyshevsky, Vladimir Gimpelson, Ksenia Yudaeva, Isak Frumin, Alexander Auzan, Mikhail Blinkin and many others. Regular meetings were held, and materials were published on the Internet pages of the site dedicated to the "Strategy 2020". Many meetings were held in an open mode, the work of the groups paid much attention to the press. The sustainable development strategy of the republic has been developed practically in all CIS countries - in Kazakhstan, Belarus and others.

Final report

Experts divided their work into two stages. The first half of 2011, until August, worked out options for development and measures that would be consistent with this development. After that, the government was provided with an interim report of six hundred pages.

Further in the ministries and departments it was discussed and defined directions for finalizing this document. The final report was prepared in eight hundred and sixty-four pages by December 2011, and in March 2012 the strategy of sustainable socio-economic development in a new version was published (under a longer title).

They asked the people

During 2012, sociological surveys were conducted to find out the attitudes in various sectors of society of the proposals contained in the "Strategy 2020". It should be noted that this document showed more opponents than adherents.

Particular claims were brought to the materials submitted by group 3 (Ksenia Yudaeva, Tatyana Maleva) who developed the reform of the pension system, Group 5 (Leonid Gokhberg), which outlined the transition to innovation growth, Group 6 (Alexander Galushka, Sergei Drobyshevsky) - on tax policy , Group 7 (Vladimir Gimpelson and others) regarding the labor market, migration policy and vocational education.

The work of group 8 (Isak Frumin, Anatoly Kasprzhak) concerning the new school was abused by all without exception. Nobody believed the conclusions of Vladimir Nazarov and Polina Kozyreva about reducing inequality and overcoming poverty. German Gref and Oleg Vyugin were objected to by specialists. And so on. The people of the strategy of sustainable economic development did not cause the slightest enthusiasm.

Building

In the "Strategy 2020" there are twenty five chapters, which are grouped into six sections. There is also an application in this document that describes the "budget maneuver" (this is a change in the federal budget expenditures), a list of measures in each direction of development that were also considered by experts. The sections in the document are as follows:

1. A new growth model.

2. Macroeconomics. Basic conditions of growth.

3. Social policy. Human capital.

4. Infrastructure. Comfortable environment, balanced development.

5. Effective state.

6. External outline of development.

"Strategy 2020", in both cases, tries to harness "ox and quivering deer" into one cart. Of course, new models of economic growth and social policy are needed. The economy had to be rebuilt: with the onset of the crisis, domestic demand began to fall precipitously, and the first variant of the "strategy" relied on its growth. Russian exports have almost completely rebuilt due to the imposed sanctions, so it is pointless to rely on previous prices. However, Strategy 2020 also did not go beyond utopian declarations: the country needs an economic growth of at least five percent per year, and it needs to be based not on the export of raw materials and the redistribution of resources by sectors where low efficiency. Is this too far from our reality?

Maneuver

The main idea of "Strategy 2020" is the same maneuver that was supposed to allow the use of previously unused factors of competitiveness. For example, such. High quality of human potential and scientific potential. Where does this come from? Among the working professions professionals have long since ended, since there are no factories or corresponding education, and Russian science works at best - it's not very good either - in the military-industrial complex and the space industry, the bulk of the best minds long ago on earning abroad countries.

Social policy is built by experts in such a way that the interests of not the poorest layers of the population are protected, but the layer that implements innovative development, that is, the same mythical "middle class" that can choose any models of consumption and labor. Experts assumed in their growth model a consistent reduction in inflation in order to adopt new budget rules that would regulate budget expenditures (depending on the price of oil). They considered the increase in expenses to be inefficient and unjustified, which is precisely what they see as a hindrance to the stability and balance of the budget. Already after five years it is clear that the social policy is directed by experts absolutely in the other side of the people. The external environment has not become less aggressive with respect to business, the business climate has not improved, the competitive environment may have survived, but not all.

Post-industrial country

Experts have seen our economy in the near future post-industrial, based on service industries, which are focused on the development of human capital, that is, it is an economy where medicine, education, media and information technologies, even design, are the most important. Undoubtedly, competitive advantages would have been there if they had not been squandered through the constant underfinancing of all social systems, as well as through extremely ineffective management.

"Strategy 2020" would like to restore and consolidate these comparative advantages of our country in the field of medicine, education, culture, but where now to find them? Those human resources that were competitive, grew old, and the new ones are taught extremely badly. To be treated at young doctors now it is simply terrible, to study at young teachers practically there is nothing, with culture too anything good has not occured while.

More maneuver

To the post-industrial economy, the country must accomplish this "budgetary maneuver", that is, change its priorities in budget expenditures. Experts expect that by 2020 they will finance infrastructure by 4 percent of GDP more, and, in order to balance the budget, will cut spending on the same four percent in the areas of security and defense, spending on state machinery, and reduce subsidies to enterprises. Ordinary citizens of Russia at the discussions of this strategy "maneuver" were outraged, called such a plan irresponsible, some even used the word "sabotage."

Just in case, the experts envisaged not one scenario for each direction: if the reforms are not sufficiently active, inertial scenarios are used, as well as rigid scenarios, in which losses are not compensated to the parties, and scenarios of the optimal reform are developed, when the interests of the participating groups are taken into account as much as possible. Politicians choose the best, of course.

Experts and authority

When the final report was published, the curators of this work counted on unconditional support for the main proposals from the president and the government, despite the fact that differences of views were present initially. This is especially true of pension reform.

As a result, many of the provisions of Strategy 2020 have already been included in the program of state bodies: these are parking problems in the capital (author Mikhail Blinkin), the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Economic Development introduce a budget rule regulating the level of public debt and budget expenditures, for example. Pension reform is also taking place on the proposals of "Strategy 2020", which provokes an active and very emotional discussion. What can I say about the reform of housing and communal services ...

Universal

The strategy of sustainable development of mankind, worked out in 1987 and adopted by the international commission, is still hotly debated today by world leaders. The statement about the importance of this problem was first voiced by the UN General Assembly. At the same time, many countries (including Russia) adopted this developmental principle, which provides for the responsibility of the state and the entire civil society to future generations in ensuring the satisfaction of needs.

Geographical aspects of the strategy of sustainable development of mankind consist in the fact that it is necessary to overcome the heterogeneity of social systems. To implement the principle of citizens' responsibility for the welfare of future generations, a model of the future civilization was developed, where three areas were combined: economic, social and environmental. The strategy of sustainable development of the environment, for example, should lead to the stability of the planet's ecological systems, to the elimination of the threat to the existence of mankind.