Mysteries of the people for children. Russian folk riddles

Outside the windows of the 21st century, but still you can hear how people teach each other with the help of folk wisdom, which has a centuries-old history. "You hasten to make people laugh," they say to the huntsmen. "And there is an old woman on an old woman," so comfort the people who failed.

Folk proverbs, sayings, riddles are a legacy that is transmitted today orally in communication and in writing in books and school textbooks. And so it will be so long as the language and its bearers are alive.

The uniqueness of the puzzle

The riddle is a kind of speech phenomenon, the main direction of which - using comparisons and metaphors - to make the human brain think and work more figuratively. It develops the observance necessary for acquaintance with the surrounding world in children, and keeps the clarity of mind in adults.

It is not known exactly when the riddles appeared. This folklore genre is still used for teaching and educating children in kindergartens and in literature lessons at school, which means that its effects on young minds are the same as in times when the Sphinx travelers asked their questions with a dirty trick.

Modern psychologists say that writing or guessing puzzles develops imaginative speech and imagination in children. The property of this small folklore form to point to any qualities of an object with a listing of their similarities or differences inherent only to it, makes children think about the connections between phenomena in the real world.

The answer to the riddle is developed by the ability:

• Make independent conclusions and analyze;
• To expand knowledge about the surrounding reality;
• Improve memory;
• Develop speech and imagination.

Mysteries of the people give the whole depth of the wisdom of their ancestors to children and are taught to appreciate their creativity.

History from ancient times

As it turned out, puzzles in ancient times were an effective tool for testing the mind for maturity. They were used by priests in Ancient Egypt, with their help recognized true heroes in Ancient Greece, they did not pass the Slavic traditions.

Regardless of the level of development of human civilization, peoples living on different continents and in different epochs created riddles very similar in content. This suggests that people at all times closely monitor the world around them and compare the phenomena occurring in it.

Mysteries of the people - this is a whole layer of history of the development of culture and beliefs of mankind. For example, up to now one of the Sphinx questions has come up about who is walking on the four legs in the morning, on the day - two, and at sunset - on three. According to legend, many people died trying to guess it.

Using puzzles

In ancient times, people often used allegory in order to protect themselves, their home and cattle from the evil eye. Hunters, going to the forest for game, used the secret language of riddles, so that the alleged "trophies" did not overhear their plans in advance and did not go to other sites.

Merchants, buffoons and buffoons also actively used riddles to protect themselves from evil spirits. Russian folk riddles, for example, since ancient times have been a method of testing in the time of warriors, and in peaceful - riches and boys.

In the history of the ancient Germans and Scandinavians, there is evidence that there was a custom: a traveler could get an overnight stay, only guessing the riddle. The ancient Slavs had special evenings, held in autumn and winter, when there was no work in the field. The whole village was assembled in the biggest hut, women were spinning and hand-woven, men were repairing tools, and the old people tested children and young people for ingenuity.

When the subjects were asked riddles (Russian folk), with the answers they performed in turn. The most intelligent and observant won. In this way wise old men encouraged young minds to develop, to be inquisitive and to know the world.

Until the end of the 19th century, there was a custom when the bridesmaids did not let the groom and his boyfriend go to her until they guessed all the riddles they had prepared for them. In our time, this folklore genre is actively used for the development of imagination, memory and observation in preschool and primary school children.

Proverbs

Today, the history of the proverbial origin is only interested in linguists and culturologists, although practically everyone uses them in their speech without even bothering to find out what caused their appearance. And it turns out that most of them are based on concrete historical facts or the deep observation of the people, in this way conveying their wisdom from generation to generation.

The proverb is as short a figurative literary form as a riddle, but with an instructive meaning. Often it has a rhyme, but its main load is the training of the younger generation and the transfer of everyday experience to it. For example, "chickens in the fall" believe that when a person starts a business, he calculates prematurely what profit or profit he will get from him.

Folk proverbs and riddles were the teaching material on which many generations of children grew and developed.

Sayings

This is another type of small literary form, the main purpose of which is the reflection of some vital fact or phenomenon. The proverb does not have a complete meaning, but finds it by being inserted into speech. For example, when the sentence refers to the fulfillment of a promise, they often use the phrase "when the cancer on the mountain falls," meaning that the person does not keep his word.

The saying never teaches. Its function is to convey the meaning of what has been said with a more imaginative and precise expression. You can, for example, say "he is drunk", but the phrase "he does not knit a bend" better conveys the degree of intoxication.

How to define the concept of the proverb VI Dal, this is a parable, a roundabout speech conveying a judgment about a phenomenon or an object. "

The emergence of proverbs and sayings

Like riddles, folk proverbs and sayings are the result of many centuries of experience of a large number of people. Their formation began with the emergence of language. For example, the first Russian proverbs are mentioned in the "Tale of Bygone Years" by the chronicler Nestor. It deals with the formation of Kievan Rus from the time of the creation of the world and until 1117 AD. E.

For example, there are such lines: "And there is a proverb in Russia until now - they died as leaks." It's about how the tribe of dulebos destroyed their enslavers: "There is no tribe or descendants." This proverb was used when it was about the death of a whole family.

Back in the 9th century, expressions were used in Kievan Rus originating in the pagan Slavic period or transmitting information about historical events and individual participants, which are well known today. For example, the saying "the mother of the cheese is the land" (the pagans animate the nature), the proverb "the wolf wormed to the sheep herd, then she will bear all the sheep" (as the Drevlyane said of Prince Igor, who went to them several times by war).

Many proverbs were composed during the days of serfdom, which today have lost their original meaning, but have acquired a new meaning. For example, "Here's to you, grandmother, and Yuryev's day!" They say, when expectations are not met. The initial significance was due to the fact that one day a year (Yuryev) serfs were allowed to leave for another master. By the decree of Boris Godunov, this right was abolished, and all the serfs entrenched their masters.

This kind of genre, like the riddles, has many topics that relate to almost all phenomena of nature and spheres of people's lives.

Themes and types of folk puzzles

Russian folk puzzles today can be classified into several types. These include:

• Parables - "Two swans danced behind dark forests" (earrings).
• Description - "Himself with the top, and the head with a pot" (samovar).
• Questions - "What in the world is most sweet?" (A dream).
• Jokes - "Which island says about its size" (Yamal).
• With numbers - "6 feet, 2 heads and 1 tail" (rider on horseback).

Mysteries of the people can be divided into the following topics:

• "human";
• "Natural phenomena";
• "House, hut";
• "Wild and domestic animals";
• "Courtyard";
• "Insects";
• "garden Garden";
• "Rivers, water";
• "forest";
• "Field, meadow";
• "Profession, work";
• "birds";
• "fairy-tale heroes";
• "sky".

In fact, there may be much more. In all countries of the world there are riddles, for example, in Europe there are manuscript collections dating back 1000 years. It really is one of the oldest literary genres.

Mysteries for children about nature

The most popular Russian folk riddles for children are devoted to nature and man. This is understandable, since people have long been watching what and who is around them, and were able to analyze both the phenomena around them and the behavior of others.

The old people's lot in the old days was the training of the younger generation of worldly wisdom and knowledge of the world. The best tool for this, than the national riddles for children, at that time was not. Intuitively, people understood: giving the child's mind difficult tasks, thereby they make them be observant and savvy. This developed imaginative thinking, and children better delved into the essence of the phenomena of nature. For example:

• "The gray-haired grandfather at the gate all eyes are overcast" - indicates the color of the fog.
• "A different colored rocker above the river hung" - draws attention to the shape of the rainbow.

• "Although it's snow and ice, and when it leaves, it's pouring tears" (winter) - the property of snow and ice melt.

In this way, adults taught children to pay attention to the qualities that characterize each specific phenomenon and characterize it.

Riddles for children about people

The observation of others was also characteristic of the Russian people. Drawing conclusions from everyday situations, our ancestors created folk riddles. With the answers they were later published in children's collections, spreading the wisdom of generations from different parts of the country beyond.

Mysteries dedicated to people, concerned both their appearance and condition, and way of life. For example:

• "You are given, but people are using it" (person's name).
• "What kind of food is most needed?" (Mouth).

• "What you want - you can not buy, you do not have to, you will not sell it" (in the youth of desires it is a lot, but there is no money, but in old age there is no desire anymore).

So the older generation taught the children to know themselves and their essence in the old days. Today, the book "Russian Folk Mysteries" (with answers) is no less popular among toddlers than the oral creativity of their peers in the old days.

Mysteries about folk tales

Fairy tales - one of the favorite kinds of folk art in children. Their admiration for fictional characters gave rise to another topic - riddles about folk tales. Today, you can find options dedicated to both Russian and foreign heroes.

They are conditionally divided by age:

• For the youngest - these are the heroes of such tales as "Teremok", "Kolobok" and others. For example: "In the field of a small house, forest inhabitants found shelter in it and live together: hare, fox, norushka and wolf, only the bear crushed ..." ("Teremok").
• For children of the senior preschool and school age - these are the heroes from the fairy tale "Geese-swans", "Snow Maiden", "Frog princess" and others. For example: "This girl is afraid of the sun and heat, because it is made of snow" (Snow Maiden).

Today in children's preschool institutions much attention is paid to the development of figurative thinking of children, for which people's riddles with answers (for the smallest ones) are used.

Folk puzzles in the modern world

Judging by the fact that children's psychologists note the positive influence of puzzles on the development of thinking and imagination, this kind of folk art will always be in demand. Today you can find not only folk, but also author's puzzles, which are more suitable for modern children and their ideas about the world and book heroes. For example, "One fat man lives on the roof and flies all above" (Carlson).