Modern schools: history, requirements, problems. Models of modern schools

The historical appearance of schools was promoted by the desire of people to learn the world and expand their knowledge. Therefore, man sought to communicate with the wise men and longed to learn from them knowledge.

The history of modern school

The first schools appeared in Rome and Greece. Well-off families sent their children to famous philosophers to gain knowledge. However, at first the training was simply a form of communication: the philosopher with his student conducted individual conversations, walking the streets. Later, the sages began to travel around the cities and teach a simple population. Here also there was a necessity to unite willing to listen lectures of wise men in one general group. At first, only oral lessons were taught in schools: a conversation on various topics concerning the state, spirituality. And only in 300 years of our era in schools began to teach the letter.

Thus, the first schools appeared. At the same time, the training was not in the premises, but in the squares that were called gymnasiums.

Stages of school development

There are four main stages in the formation of the school:

1. Antique.
2. Medieval.
3. 17 century, European schools.
4. Modern.

In the ancient period, the focus was on the study of philosophy and religion.

In medieval - an in-depth study of religion. The schools were organized at the monasteries, they also studied the Latin language, where divine services took place. We began to study the basics of writing and reading.

Finishing school at the monastery, the child could become a priest's assistant. There were secondary schools, where only the children of well-off parents were trained. They taught grammar, logic, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, geography, music.

In the medieval period, corporal punishment was often used.

Since the 17th century, schools for girls began to open in Europe, where they taught the basics of etiquette, taught dances, needlework, and paid attention to the study of literature.

School of the 20th century

In the 20th century, schools began to appear in large numbers. Primary education becomes compulsory, and later - and secondary. The learning process is placed in a more rigorous framework. If in the Ancient World and the Middle Ages the learning process took place mainly individually and diversely, did not have the necessary time frames, then in schools of the 20th century there is a clear fixation of the time allocated for training.

There are spacious rooms - schools, equipped with a large number of desks, where classes are held:

• Lessons begin and end on a call.
• A school uniform is introduced, the same for all.
• Portfolios appear.
• The same office is used.

Evaluation at school

The knowledge of the students is evaluated according to the final result: control and independent work, the exam, the answer in the lesson. During the training the teacher stimulates and motivates the process of obtaining knowledge. The child should be interested, at the same time be able to bear responsibility for his mistakes. The resulting evaluation is used not only for knowledge control, but also is encouraging or punitive.

The obligatory criterion that modern schools perform is the upbringing of the child. Without education, it is impossible to get a fully developed personality.

The school instills discipline and assiduity, seeks to develop the child's independence, independence, ability to substantiate his opinion with facts.

School functions in society

The main function of the school is to give knowledge and, as a result, education to students.

However, modern schools not only provide knowledge, but also help children to adapt in society, learn to solve conflict situations, behave properly in a team, build friendly relations.

Studying at school, the child prepares for an adult life. Such qualities as honesty, patriotism, responsibility are formed and consolidated in him.

Types of modern schools

There are such models of modern schools:

1. Traditional school.

The basis of training is a clear work plan, on the basis of which the distribution of hours for the study of all disciplines. Specific training material is considered a certain number of hours. The plan indicates the number of tests and the time for summing up the results.

The principle of teaching - the teacher transmits the knowledge to the students.

2. Specialized school.

In such schools there is an in-depth training of one or several subjects. Usually this is done by allocating more hours to these lessons.

3. School-gymnasium, lyceum.

The principles of prerevolutionary education of the academic level are laid in the basis of the educational process. In most cases, the curriculum of such schools adds the study of the humanities, such as ethics, aesthetics, logic, philosophy, culture, foreign languages. Teachers of higher educational institutions can be invited to teach certain subjects.

However, it is necessary to know that when new additional sciences appear, the number of hours for basic subjects does not decrease, which leads to a greater workload of the child and can affect his nervous system. Therefore, parents should consciously choose modern schools of this level and be sure that the child is psychologically ready for work, especially in the case of a junior school.

4. Innovative school.

The school is based on author's works. The training uses specially designed or ordered for them techniques.

5. School, oriented to one or more new education systems.

Training takes place according to one or several modern methods. This, for example, the Waldorf School, the development school by the methods of Montessori, Zaitsev and others.

Waldorf schools are based on philosophical teachings that the development of the ability to cognition - the path to human perfection.

6. School developmental type.

This type of schools is more adapted for younger classes. For example, in the lessons of mathematics, drawing, children together with the teacher consistently study historical events that led to specific mathematical actions and artistic image. This approach is aimed at developing the foundations of theoretical thinking and creative imagination.

7. Historical and cultural school.

These are schools that study in depth the humanities, while they are based on the concept of a dialogue of cultures.

Unusual kindergarten

Modern schools should contribute to the development of the child's creative abilities, non-standard thinking, openness to the knowledge of everything new and unusual. However, before the school the child attends a pre-school institution, the direction of which should not contradict the future schooling.

In the world there are interesting and non-standard modern schools and kindergartens. For example, in Japan, it is believed that design and architecture affect the learning process. Therefore, in one of the cities a modern kindergarten was built, more precisely a children's village in the form of a large oval building, which includes the entire territory of the institution: a room and a place for walking. In this village 600 people study. It is believed that a closed in the oval area stimulates children, running around in circles, to learn the world. The architecture of the building allows children to play on the roof, run, develop their capabilities.

In the training groups there are no walls, children hear each other, it teaches them to abstract from the noise and do their own thing. At the heart of the training is Montessori's method.

The children's village is an ideal environment for the development of the individual, open space allows you to feel the taste of freedom, easy to develop and strive to explore the world.

"Transparent" school

In Denmark, a school is built without walls and partitions. The building looks like one big class. Scientists note a high degree of creativity in the thinking of the pupils of this school, since the education here is also non-standard. The absence of partitions forces teachers to find new methods of teaching that are built on the use of the latest technologies.

When the experts compared the final school tests it became known which modern schools of the world took first place. So, on the first place was Singapore, on the second Hong Kong, further - South Korea. Training in Asian countries puts the figure of the schoolteacher in the first place, and education is of an applied nature, that is, the acquired knowledge should be useful and in demand in later life.

Modern school - the school of the future

The school of the future should organically combine the experience of the past and the advanced technologies of the present.

The task of the school is to reveal the potential of each student, to bring up a fully developed personality, ready for life in a highly technological, competitive world.

Consider the requirements for a modern school:

• Decent material and technical base.
• Interactive training.
• Practical application of knowledge.
• Identify and develop the talents of students.
• Training should correspond to the rapid development of society.
• Support of talented children.
• Self-improvement of the teacher: the desire for development, the ability to interest schoolchildren, to involve them in the learning process.
• Promotion of healthy lifestyles.
• Presence of sports and creative circles.
• Forming the correct principles of education.
• The exterior and interior of the school should be neat.
• Beautifully equipped school territory.

With the implementation of all tasks, the problems of the modern school arise. To a large extent, they consist in a shortage of logistical support.

Conclusion

Since the 21st century is the age of information technology, for high-quality school education it is necessary to have a good technical base: the provision of high-quality computer equipment, multimedia boards and other technological innovations.

Modern schools should release from their walls an educated, confident, independent person who is able to take responsibility for their actions, having an unconventional thinking and a clear idea of their future. Yesterday's schoolboy must be able to go to the goal and achieve it.