Military ranks in tsarist Russia. Military ranks in the tsarist army

In this article we will consider some military ranks in tsarist Russia. This list, however, is incomplete, it can be continued. We only bring to your attention the main ranks.

Brigadier

Let's start our list of "Military ranks in the tsarist army of Russia" from the brigadier. This is a military rank in the Russian Imperial Army, which existed in the 18-19th centuries, below the Major General and above the Colonel. He was introduced by Peter I.

Corresponding to him in the navy was the rank of captain-commander. The brigadier general in some armies today corresponds to the rank of "brigadier".

The sergeant-major

This post was distributed in the cavalry, noncommissioned officers, as well as in artillery in the army of our country (Cossack troops, cavalry, as well as the corps of gendarmes). It existed until 1917, when the military ranks of the tsarist army of Russia operated. An analogue of titles in the USSR was not at all. The sergeant-major, for example, was not in the Soviet Army . The duty of a person with this rank was to assist in the preparation of troops and the organization of internal order and economy squadron commander. The corresponding rank in the infantry is a sergeant-major. For non-commissioned officers, this rank would be supreme until 1826.

Lieutenant-General

We continue to describe the military ranks in tsarist Russia, we will proceed to the lieutenant-general. This rank and military rank was in the Ukrainian and Russian armies. It was used simultaneously (almost as a synonym) with the rank of Lieutenant-General. The latter during the Northern War, more precisely, in the second half, supplanted the rank of Lieutenant-Lieutenant.

The General-Field Marshal

This is the highest military rank in the land forces of the Austrian, German and Russian army. Introduced in our country by Peter I in 1699. This rank of the first class corresponded to the navy in the rank of general-admiral, in the civil service - the chancellor, and also the secret adviser (also class I). The Field Marshal's baton served as a sign of distinction, since the 19th century, in the buttonholes of the Field Marshal General, they have been depicted in a crossed form. Distinguished military ranks in tsarist Russia epaulets, where the representatives of the rank described by us also depicted wands. An example of a well-known general-field marshal in the history of our country is DA Milyutin.

Since 2009, this symbol is also present on the emblem of the current Supreme Commander-in-Chief of all the Armed Forces of our country.

Generalissimo

In the Holy Roman Empire it was the highest military rank, and later became such in the Russian Empire, as well as in the USSR and a number of other countries.

Historically, it was appropriated by the commander of several, mostly allied, armies, generals, and in some cases also to statesmen or persons belonging to the families of the ruling dynasties, as an honorary title. This rank was outside the system of other officer ranks.

AV Suvorov received this title on October 28, 1799 in accordance with the Military Statute, as he was the prince of the Sardinian Kingdom, and at the same time Count of the Roman Empire, Prince of the Russian, and also Commander-in-Chief of the Austrian, Sardinian and Russian troops. Currently, in our country it is not provided for by law.

Esaul

Continues our list of "Military ranks in tsarist Russia" the next rank. Esaul is the rank of chief officer in the Cossack and Russian armies. A rank means an assistant, deputy commander. Esaul are: army, general, hundred, regimental, marching, stanitsa, artillery.

Captain Commander

This rite existed in 1707-1732, and also in 1751-1827 in the fleet of our country. It was introduced in 1707 and entered in the Table of Ranks in 1722, belonged to the V class, was considered below the Rear Admiral and higher than the title of ship captain (captain of the first rank - since 1713). In the army, this rank corresponded to the brigadier, and in the civil (civil) posts - state counselor. Appeal to the representative of this title - "Your Honor". His duties included the command of detachments of ships (small), as well as the replacement for the time of the Rear Admiral.

Corporal

This military rank, which had a junior command staff, is the lowest sergeant (non-commissioned officer) rank. In our country it appeared in 1647, introduced by Peter I "Military Regulations". Later, in the first half of the 19th century, he was replaced by the rank of non-commissioned officer. Today in the modern VS Corporal corresponds to a rank such as "junior sergeant".

Cornet

This is a military rank, which was in the armies of some countries, mostly in cavalry. Its name comes from the ancient position of the trumpeter, who is under the commander, who, at his command, transmitted signals to the troops during the battle. The holders of this rank are in the same class as the army lieutenants, so they wear the same epaulettes. Note that in the cavalry of the rank of second lieutenant does not exist.

Podesaul

We continue to describe the military ranks in Tsarist Russia, we present to you the following. This position existed since the 16th century, and then in Russia it was an officer officer rank in the Cossack troops of the X-th class (in 1798-1884) and the 9th grade in the above-mentioned list "Table of Ranks" (1884-1917), in which Military ranks in tsarist Russia and their salaries are indicated.

It was equated in 1798 in cavalry with the rank of captain-captain, in the infantry - captain-captain, in the fleet - lieutenant, and also in the rank of titular adviser in the civil service.

Second Lieutenant

This ober-officer rank, which existed in the Russian army, was introduced by Peter I in Russia in 1703.

After in 1884 the rank of ensign was abolished for peacetime, he became the first officer for all troops, except Cossack and cavalry, where he corresponded to the rank of cornet, cornet. In the navy of the Empire, the rank of midshipman was analogous to him, and in the civil service - the provincial secretary. In the armed forces of the Russian Federation, the rank of Lieutenant corresponds to the rank of lieutenant.

The lieutenant

The military rank belonging to the junior officers in the armies of pre-revolutionary Russia and Poland corresponded to the position of a senior lieutenant. In the 18-19 centuries there was also a "commissioner" as a spelling version of this rank. Military ranks in tsarist Russia in 1812, for example, included this rank.

He was an officer for assignments, which corresponds to the rank of senior lieutenant in the USSR and Russia.

Ensign

We continue to describe military ranks in the tsarist army. The ensign exists in the armed forces, as well as other power structures in a number of countries. By order of Alexei Mikhailovich in the Russian army in 1649, the standard bearers were named ensigns, who were appointed from among the most physically strong, courageous and verified warriors in battles. Creating a regular army, Peter I in 1712 introduced this title as a junior (first) officer in the cavalry and infantry. Until 1917, it was appropriated to persons who had completed an accelerated course at schools of ensigns or military schools and had passed exams on a certain program. In wartime, his appropriation was allowed without an examination for military distinction to non-commissioned officers who had secondary or higher education. The ensigns were usually appointed commanders of platoons. In the Red Army (in 1917-1946), as well as Soviet (until 1972), the similar rank of ensign did not exist. Since January 1, 1972 it was introduced (along with the rank of midshipman) in the Armed Forces of the USSR. In the modern army of our country, he corresponds to the position of junior lieutenant.

Captain

Our captain "Military ranks in the tsarist army" completes our list. He was the senior officer in the cavalry (in the Russian Empire - the officer-officer). In 1730 appeared in connection with the creation of heavy cavalry new names of ranks, among whom was the captain. The Ulan and Hussar regiments in 1882 were transformed into dragoons, and to establish uniformity in ranks throughout the cavalry, dragoon captains began to be called captains. In 1917, this rank was abolished. In the 20th century it existed, for example, in Poland.

These are the main military ranks in the tsarist army of Russia.