Merge Writing Presets: Examples

Let's talk about the spelling of various words and rules of the Russian language - both simple and insidious. Today, we will analyze such a rule, as a merged writing of prefixes and separate writing of prepositions.

Prefix - what is it?

Before trying to understand how to correctly write a prefix, let's remember what it is. The prefix (in the scientific terminology - the prefix) is a morpheme that is in front of the root and serves to form new words: swim - to swim away, sail, swim.

There is a word in Russian, in which the prefix is in an atypical place - between the roots. This word "world-vision". But this is a subtlety of morphomics, in this article we will not touch them. The subject of this review will be the merging of consoles and cases of hyphenation between the prefix and the root.

Prefix and excuse

The prefix can not exist separately from the word. In this case, this is an excuse. As we remember, the preposition is not a morpheme, but a part of speech that connects words to phrases. But to write through the hyphen the prefix can! And every part of the speech has its own cases of this writing and how to distinguish the prefix from the preposition. Most of them will seem familiar to someone else from the school bench, and some, perhaps, will be a discovery.

Conjunctive writing of prefixes and separate writing of prepositions is a rule of grammar, which is considered one of the main. To be able to correctly write prefixes in words is very important, so as not to be illiterate. So let's learn!

An interesting science of etymology, studying the history of words, argues that most of the prefixes came from prepositions. In modern languages, these prefixes correspond in meaning to a similar preposition: joyless - without joy, the river - beyond the river. But there are also those who do not have a similar pretext. For example, there are many, many, many, many , and many others.

Prefixes that are always written together

Conjugated writing of consoles for Russian is considered the norm (in the event that we found out that this is a prefix, not an excuse).

They are written together with the words Russian prefixes without, on, pre-, o-, obo, c-, out-, ra-, up-, down-, super-, inter-, over-, sub-, over- , In-, pre-, pro-, pra- , rare prefix pa- (for example, in the word of stepsons ) and many others. Examples: bleak, heartless, prehistory, do, use up, source, enormous, squat, dash, unpack, douse, call, and so on.

Some words have foreign prefixes, most of which are also supposed to be written together. These consoles are anti-, arch-, a-, des-, ir-, trans- and some other: illogical, transcontinental, irrational, disinformation.

There are Russian prefixes, which can in certain cases be written through a hyphen. This is , in - (in -), something . Separate sections of the article will be devoted to them.

Cases to remember

Among the consoles of foreign origin there are those whose writing should be remembered.

• Prefix ex- in the meaning of "former, past" is written through a hyphen: ex-president, ex-leader, ex-favorite.
• The prefix is written through a hyphen in the word Rear-Admiral . Other words with such a prefix are supposed to be written together: counterparty, counteroffensive.

When writing words of foreign origin or containing parts of foreign origin, it is better to refer to the dictionary, since they may not obey the rules of the Russian language.

Further we will continue to study the combined writing of prefixes and the separate writing of prepositions, examples and cases of using atypical, rare prefixes will also be presented.

Warm-up: verb and prefix

Let's start with this, perhaps, the simplest rule: how to determine whether the prefix is before us or the preposition, if it concerns the verb? The answer can only be one: it's a prefix. In which word? In any! If the word is a verb, then before it there can never be an excuse. So, what caused our difficulty is this prefix, and it is necessary to write it down. I ran into a tree, read about the sea , etc. There are no exceptions. Try to make a sentence so that before the verb there is an excuse. Does not exceed? That's the whole story! The fusion of prefixes in a verb is the rule without exceptions.

Do not forget about the insidious word "not", which can be misleading and seem an excuse. NOT - this is not an excuse, NOT is a particle, because it does not serve to connect words, but introduces a negative connotation of meaning. And the particle is NOT written with verbs, of course, separately (except those words that are not used without it and in which this is NOT, most likely, part of the root).

Spelling of consoles - independent parts of speech

The school program takes many hours to study writing prefixes. Conjunctive writing of prefixes and separate spelling of prepositions (Grade 5, Grade 6 and Grade 7) is explained throughout many lessons in the study of almost all parts of speech.

Although the rule is not considered the most difficult, it is still very often in the spelling of the prefixes that errors occur. Not only schoolchildren, but also adults often puzzle over whether to write the word together or separately, the preposition before it or the prefix. In order not to rack your brains, you just need to understand and remember a few simple rules to which the combined writing of the prefixes is subject. Examples we will consider in the following sections of the article, we will pay attention to each part of speech separately.

Prefixes of nouns and adjectives

This rule is also not the most difficult. Conjunctive writing of prefixes (class 3 already dedicates lessons to this rule) nouns and adjectives is very simple to check. Between a prefix and a word it is impossible to put another word or a semantic question, and between a pretext and a word it is possible: coastal - at (what?) Court yard, prankster - about (interesting) history.

Recall that a preposition can only refer to a noun, even if the adjective "intervenes" between them.

Insidious Adverb

With this part of the speech things are more complicated. In this case, it is easy to determine whether the prefix before us or the preposition (before the adverb, as well as before the verb, the preposition can not stand). The difficulty is that the prefix with an adverb is written not only together, but also through a hyphen. The fusion of prefixes in dialects, the rules of hyphenation - this all deserves close attention.

So, the first part of the rule: prefixes with adverbs are written together in most cases (except for those that require a hyphen, but they will be discussed below). In vain, frightened, naked, poboku , etc.

The second part of the rule concerns several consoles, which in dialects can be written through a hyphen. The next section of the article is devoted to them.

Spelling of consonants of dialects through a hyphen

When it comes to dialects, the combined writing of consoles is a rule with some caveats, because in this part of the speech the prefixes are often written and hyphenated. There are not very many cases of hyphens in adverbs, and this section of the article will require only a couple of points. So, consoles in dialects are written through a hyphen if:

1. This prefix is, and adverbs have suffixes-to him or to him-in a good, businesslike way.
2. This prefix is, and the adverb has a suffix -i: in brotherly, in Arabic.
3. This prefix is vo- (in-), and the adverb has suffixes -yx or -ih: in the tenth, first, fourth, etc. Such words are formed from ordinal numerals, and in the sentence they most often perform a role Introductory words.

Prefix NOT with nouns, adjectives and adverbs

The spelling of the prefix NOT with different words always stands alone among other rules. Very difficult, this prefix, with each part of speech and in each case behaves differently. But there are several general rules for nouns, adjectives and adverbs that make it possible to distinguish the prefix HE from a negative particle NOT.

• If a word with NOT can be replaced by a similar value, it is NOT a prefix: quiet - quiet, dim - dull, unfriendly - hostility.
• If a word with NOT in the sentence has or means an opposition, it is NOT a particle and is written separately: not deep, but finely; Not pleasant, but repulsive; Not a lamp, but a floor lamp; He is not my husband (it is meant that someone else).
• In words that are not used without HE (such as sluts, careless, absurd, and not others), NOT is not a prefix, but a part of the root. In such words, it is difficult to correctly identify morphemes, if you do not know their etymology (ie origin).

Pronouns and consoles

Pronouns are a special group of words that do not indicate anything, but only point to an object or attribute. Their morphemes are also atypical. As a rule, they are short monosyllabic or disyllabic words: you, they, such as etc. In pronouns, the combined writing of consoles, examples of which follow later, is a rather interesting but easy rule.

Perhaps the only prefix that can be in pronouns is the prefix NOT. It occurs in negative pronouns and is written together with them, if there is no preposition between the prefix and the word. There is no one - no one, no one - no one, no time, no place, no reason.

Recall that in negative pronouns, the prefix is NOT just under stress. If the stress falls on another part of the word, then it should be written NI. Someone came up to us - no one wanted to leave; There is nobody to admire - I do not admire anyone; No one to walk with - I do not talk to anyone; A few letters - I do not regret it at all.

There is a prefix that happens only in pronouns and is written through a hyphen. This prefix is somehow, some, some, here and there. Breaks away from the word, i.е. Is written with him separately, this prefix in the case if any pretext "wedges": somebody, for something, about something.

Cunning consoles of half- and half-

The prefix of sex is usually found in nouns, and its insidiousness is that it is written together, then through a hyphen. When is it necessary to put a hyphen?

1. If after the prefix any vowel sound follows: a half-apple, a half-watermelon, half-Arkhangelsk.
2. If after the prefix - the capital letter: half-Sochi, half-Paris, half-Kaliningrad.
3. If after the prefix there is a consonant-l-: half-lime, half-palm, half-London.

In other cases, the console will be written together: polklassa, poldoma, half a city, half a village and so on.

With the prefix semi- everything is much simpler: it is always written together, to whatever part of the speech the word refers: half-fur coat, half-finished, semi-literate.

The merging of prefixes half and half, and cases of hyphenation, are one of the most easily remembered rules from this topic.

Rare consoles

We continue to study the merging of consoles. Examples of the diversity of consoles of the Russian language are endless. Who would have thought that there is in the Russian language, for example, the prefix yu, and it occurs in only one word - the holy fool (its analogue is the modern prefix y-for example, in the word freak).

The prefix appears in a few words: loan, vzapuski, vzatyazhku and some others.

The prefix can be used, in short, only in two words: slowly and stealthily.

Ku-is found in the words of kumekat, skukozhitsya and some others. It is believed that it is also in the word curls.

Pa- in modern language can be found only in three words: stepdaughter, stepchild and flood . As you can see, such a prefix is only under stress.

Such interesting prefixes are found in the words of the Russian language. And it is not always immediately possible to understand that this is a prefix!

Let's sum up the results

So, what did we learn during the reading of the article? Firstly, that the phrase "merging and separate writing of consoles" is erroneous: consoles can be written only together (in rare cases - through a hyphen), and if they are written separately from the word, this is an excuse.

Secondly, we learned (or maybe just remembered) how to distinguish the prefix from a preposition. Each part of speech has its own rules, which every literate person should know, since the ability to distinguish a prefix from a preposition is the basics of grammar.

Almost every prefix corresponds to a similar pretext, and only a few prefixes do not.

The prefix NOT has an analogue is not an excuse, but a particle. The distinction between a prefix and a particle is NOT a special rule, considered one of the most difficult in spelling. Each part of the speech has its own nuances.

Through the hyphen, the prefixes can only be written in adverbs or pronouns, and also the prefix of the noun in nouns. There are very few such prefixes, it is very easy to learn them. In adverbs, these prefixes are, in, in, (in the presence of certain suffixes), in pronouns - the prefix of something (in the absence of a preposition between it and the word).

Particular attention requires the prefixes of half- and half-. They are written in accordance with a clear rule: half can be written together, and through a hyphen, and semi- - only together.

We must remember the most important rule of distinguishing between a preposition and a prefix: the prefix can not be "torn" from a word by a question or a clarifying word, whereas the preposition of a word is separated very easily.

We have studied the combined writing of prefixes, examples of hyphenation, and we hope that this rule will not cause anyone any more trouble. Let's write competently!