Masonry blocks by hand: tool, mortar, mixture

Blocks, of which today many build houses, are elements of regular rectangular shape. Of these building materials, walls and a foundation are erected. The blocks have quite good characteristics of strength, hardness, as well as a high index of thermal conductivity, durability, resistance to wear and moisture. There are several types of blocks. By appointment, they are divided into wall, for foundation and insulation. By design, they are full-bodied and cellular structure.

Many have already estimated all the advantages of these materials, and people are concerned about such a matter as laying blocks. This process should be considered in great detail, because there are different types of blocks, and each has its own installation rules.

Benefits of materials

Blocks have several major advantages, and this has allowed them to become popular. So, it is possible to allocate high speed of erection. The larger the size of the building material, the less time will be spent on the construction process. Block laying by special technology significantly reduces the volume of cement during the work.

Geometrically correct, these materials allow you to adjust the level at the maximum speed. Even if there is the slightest bias, it will immediately be noticeable. Another major advantage - the construction of these materials can be dealt with even by people who had no previous experience of erecting houses.

Disadvantages of construction

Not every block has a comfortable mass, and not everyone is comfortable in the process of installation. Products made of reinforced concrete can not be used without lifting devices. But even aerated concrete, foam concrete and other elements are difficult to keep on site. Most modern block building materials do not like the effects of moisture and can not lie long in the open air.

We prepare the mortar for laying blocks

Solutions for construction have many different features. Regardless of what exactly will be applied in the entire masonry, the first row is laid strictly on the cement-sand mortar. It is easy to prepare: for 1 part of cement we take 3 pure sand.

Mixture for working with blocks should be mixed thoroughly. It is much more effective to use a concrete mixer, since it is very difficult to prepare a lot of a solution manually. To work with blocks, it is necessary to maintain a uniform density at all times with the help of stirring. First of all, a small amount of water is poured into the mixer, and then all other elements are added. The components of the solution should be stirred for about two minutes. It is very important to remember that building mixtures for aerated concrete blocks, as well as any other building materials, must be used within two hours.

Sand and cement mortar

Many developers traditionally use this mixture. Blocks planted with this type of solution - this is a guarantee of heat loss, even if it will be small. Savings on glue mixtures in this case, if they will, then insignificant.

As for strength, it is the same in any case. If the concrete blocks are laid on a traditional mortar, the walls will have to be insulated. When glue is applied, then the cost of insulation is not needed.

How to prepare glue

First of all, pour water into the bucket. Then dry mixture is poured out there. All this must be stirred with a drill. It is best to do this at low speed.

The percentage of water and dry mixture can be different, it all depends on the manufacturer. That the glue does not freeze, it is better to make it in portions. Check the correctness of the preparation with a toothed trowel. If the mixture for masonry blocks is applied very easily, and also passes freely between the teeth, and the grooves do not merge, then everything is correct.

Features of the masonry of gas silicate blocks

These products are used for the erection of external walls, various partitions, for filling various frame structures. The production of gas silicate is very high-tech, so this material has high strength characteristics, low thermal conductivity, low weight and excellent environmental compatibility.

Preparatory stage

Laying of gas silicate blocks is carried out most often on the tape type of the foundation. Its depth should be approximately 1.8 m. Before proceeding to laying the first layer, it is necessary to perform waterproofing.

The ruberoid or any other roll material can be fixed using a traditional cement-sand mortar, for which cement and sand are mixed in a ratio of 1: 3. In addition, it is necessary to lay the solution on the ruberoid. Then you can go directly to the styling.

The necessary tool for laying blocks

So, you should prepare an electric drill, plastic buckets, trowels, construction level, as well as kiyanku and plane. Still need manual, and preferably electric, saw, square for marking works, a brush, a set of drills and a grater.

Popular installation methods

There are two methods by which gas silicate blocks can be laid. The first method consists in using a traditional solution, the second is carried out with the help of glue. The price of the solution is at least two times lower than the cost of adhesives.

However, this cement-sand mortar consumes 6 times more than glue. The thickness of the seam using a solution should be about 10-20 mm. This can provoke the appearance of "cold bridges", and then the development of mold, fungus and accumulation of condensate. That's why many have discovered glue compounds. With this material, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the seam and, together with this, significantly reduce the loss of heat.

The thickness of the adhesive layer should be only 2-3 mm, which will significantly increase the level of thermal insulation. If the glue blocks are applied to the glue in the winter, then the means with antifreeze substances can be found on sale.

Technology

Since the building block has the right shape, the process will not be very difficult. But the first row should be placed very carefully. It is installed on the solution to maximize the leveling of the surface along the horizontal plane. To improve adhesion, the blocks are moistened.

First, the blocks are laid at the corners, and then they are aligned along the guides. After that, the rest of the elements are laid. Guides for exterior walls are best done before starting work. Internal walls are laid from the side.

The next layers can already be laid on the glue. Also, the composition is applied to the ends. Excess glue is not rubbed. It must be removed by trowel. Go to the next row can only be 2 hours later. During this time, the glue must seize, and also shrinkage will occur. The blocks are stacked with a displacement of 8 cm. Thus, the next rows after the first and each next should be displaced. This will increase the rigidity of the structure. If you want to align the block, you can do this with a kyanki. Irregularities are easily removed by grating. If it is necessary to cut the block, the gas silicate is perfectly exposed to the saw.

In the process, every fourth row should be reinforced - a row of shtrobyat, and in the stroke along the entire length of the reinforcement. Next, the series must be filled with glue or mortar. Masonry blocks are built using the same technology. There are no differences here.

Construction of ceramic elements

Such a block is a microporous stone whose lateral faces are corrugated. The size of one element is greater than the traditional brick, which significantly shortens the construction period.

Advantages and disadvantages

Among the advantages are high environmental performance and the possibility of carrying out work independently without the invitation of professionals. Ceramic blocks have high energy-saving characteristics over their entire service life. Also, these materials are distinguished by their high strength, incombustibility.

The disadvantages include a high price, as well as fragility in the transport process. Also there are not enough professional builders who actually know what is the laying of ceramic blocks.

Technology of work

Before starting the process, the first step is to perform a waterproofing of the foundation. The mixture is applied over the entire width of the wall and tries to prevent the formation of voids. The first block is laid from the corner. Cement-sand mortar is used only for the first layer.

The process is greatly facilitated by the presence of groove joints on this building material. This helps to fix the blocks on a vertical plane. For fitting, apply a rubber mallet. This tool is enough to exclude chipped and adjust the level. As you can see, the laying of blocks, whatever they were, differs little from the work with brick. Unless materials for manufacturing are used different.

How to build a house of expanded clay

This building material has been used for more than half a century. The process of laying the walls of houses from this material is not particularly complicated. Even beginners will cope with it, however, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of expanded clay concrete and observe the technology.

Composition and types of these blocks

Materials are produced by pressing a mixture of expanded clay, as well as sand, water and cement. Building material is safe, environmentally friendly and ideal for walls. The blocks have a porous structure, they are light and have high thermal insulation characteristics.

These elements can differ in form and size - this in most cases depends on the specific manufacturer. Products designed for walls can be either full-bodied or hollow. Cavities also come in different shapes and sizes, all depending on the place of application.

Technology of work

Laying of expanded blocks can be carried out in various ways. The choice of the appropriate depends on the desired thickness, the presence of insulation, the type of wall covering. So, you can stack in half a block, one piece wide with a dressing, a width of 60 cm with a bandage and emptiness, two walls. Whichever way, it is necessary to follow all the rules accurately. The basement part of the foundation must be as level as possible with waterproofing in two blocks.

The process of masonry of these building materials is not much different from all the others. Here, too, the first unit is stacked from the corner. Directly on the waterproofing material put a solution thickness of up to three centimeters. The position of the block must be strictly controlled by the building and water levels.

Between the blocks at the corners pull the cord and already along it lay the first row. The process must be carried out strictly on a solution of sand and cement. Next is the second row with dressing and strict control on the vertical plane. The second and subsequent rows can be planted on adhesive compounds.

Simultaneously with the laying, it is necessary to reinforce the external and internal walls. This procedure is carried out for every third or fourth row. For this purpose, the armature with a diameter of 8-10 millimeters is most suitable. Sometimes you can use a grid instead. Put the reinforcement in the strobes - they can be ready, or they have to be made with the help of a Bulgarian. After the reinforcement is filled, the mortar is filled with cement mortar.

Conclusion

This is how the laying of aerated concrete blocks is done by oneself. Apparently, this is really not so difficult. It is enough to strictly follow the technology, follow all the above recommendations, and then you will necessarily succeed.