Liquid fertilizer: names, application. Stimulators of plant growth

One of the most effective ways to stimulate the growth of cultivated plants is the use of mineral fertilizers. This group is represented in the market of agrotechnical products in several forms of supply. Granular products are considered to be the most convenient and popular, but also liquid products demonstrate a very noticeable result. The fact is that the separation according to the forms of supply and methods of use is conditioned not only by the requirements for the conditions of direct application of the funds. As a rule, liquid mineral fertilizers have the features of the structure of the active substance, which make this method of application possible in the soil. Together with this, the distinctive consumer qualities of fertilizers of this type are determined.

General information about liquid fertilizers

The class of liquid fertilizers is based on a mineral base and is available in different compositions. At the same time, all representatives of this group are distinguished by the content of ammonia and nitrogen in various quantities. The most common fertilizer of this type is carbide-ammonium mixture (KAS), but also there are solutions of ammonia, growth regulators, complex additives and ammonium sulfate. The practice of application shows that ammonia-based products differ in mobility in soil, in long-lasting action and, most importantly, do not give harmful vapors. As for the effect that these fertilizers provide, first of all, it is to speak about the recovery function, stimulation of growth and supply of nutrients. It is noteworthy that such additives are not only in form, but also in the nature of the action, they are similar to ordinary water, only in an enhanced version.

Forms of nitrogen in the group of liquid fertilizers

There are three main forms of nitrogen, which are used in various types of liquid additives. First of all, these are nitrate components, which contain a liquid fertilizer based on lime-ammonium nitrate. The advantages of such nutrition include rapid achievement of the result and mobility in the fertile layer. Also this variety of fertilizer elements based on nitrogen is easily washed out with excess moisture, which is not always beneficial. The next form is represented by ammonium nitrogen. Such applications are easily assimilated to plants, however, due to adsorption in the soil structure, the duration of their action is reduced.

The third, amide form can not be used in a traditional way through the root system. In this case, leaf nutrition is used, and in the process of development, the substance passes first into the ammonium form, and then into the nitrate form. By the way, fertilizer KAS is the only one in its class, which can include all the listed nitrogen forms.

Features of carbamide-ammonium mixture

This fertilizer is characterized by many features that have a beneficial effect on the practice of its application. In the process of interaction with microorganisms, KAS is able to take the optimal form, which is suitable for assimilation by a specific plant. That is, regardless of the set of nitrogen components with which the carbamide-ammonium mixture is applied, one can count on the successful supply of agricultural crops with the necessary nutrition. At the same time, it should be understood that CAS is a liquid fertilizer that acts as an auxiliary tool for supporting plant development. In any case, that's exactly how agronomists-technologists consider it, in the context of using it in highly efficient agricultural production.

Characteristics of liquid ammonium fertilizers

Ammonia additives in liquid form are characterized by an elevated nitrogen content. As already noted, this element can be represented in several forms, but its concentration in any case will be higher than in other fertilizers. In particular, the nitrogen content of anhydrous ammonia is 82%. As for ammonia water, this coefficient is only 24%. Also, the fertilizer KAS is characterized by a sharp odor, which is due to ammonia vapor. The mass and concentration of the substance in the practice of application are calculated based on its pressure and temperature. At the same time, regardless of form, the ammonia additive dissolves well in water.

During transportation and handling of fertilizers, it is desirable to provide for the propensity of the substance to weathering. This feature explains the loss of nitrogen components during transportation. In addition, measures should be envisaged to protect non-ferrous metals that interact with the elements of the mixture. The point is that a liquid fertilizer on an ammonia basis provokes the development of corrosion, although this does not apply to aluminum.

Humate fertilizers

Technologists in the agricultural sector have long been developing the concept of soil nutrition at the expense of their own resources with a balanced reinforcement of biomass remaining from the plants. The fruit of this development was the isolation of humic acid from the soil, which was converted to sodium salt. On the market, this additive today is the fertilizer "Gumat", which stimulates the growth of crops. Another important function of this additive is protection against all kinds of poisons and heavy metals.

At the same time, experts noted the peculiarities of interaction of decomposition products with water. Increased effectiveness of the substance is observed only in conditions of optimum soil moisture. With this in mind, liquid fertilizer "Gumat" was developed on a potash basis. This component is produced by processing peat by extracting active enzymes from its composition. Among them, one can note the same nitrogen, phosphorus and other trace elements. This type of liquid fertilizer is mainly used for soaking seeds, seedlings and other planting materials.

Application rates

Liquid additives, in addition to their direct functions of influencing vegetation, favorably differ and the possibility of uniform distribution over the working area. In the process of spring feeding for winter crops it is recommended to add about 35-40 kg of fertilizer per 1 hectare. This applies to the first feeding, but in the future the active substance should be diluted with water 1: 2 and make no more than 30 kg for the same area. For spring crops, the optimum rate rises to 80 kg per 1 ha from the calculation for presowing treatment. Each subsequent fertilizer procedure should already spend 20 kg. For vegetable crops, the introduction of liquid fertilizers depends on the particular plant species. For example, potatoes are supplied according to the scheme of 60 kg per 1 hectare. Indoor plants are also suitable for this type of nutrition, but each grade has its own individual requirements for the formation of doses. Use the formulations in the evening or in cloudy weather - compliance with this recommendation will eliminate the risk of burns.

Trade names of liquid fertilizers

On the market liquid additives for plants are strictly segmented, although there are many universal products. Especially for indoor plants and, in particular, for flowers, it is worth recommending the products of the brand "Flower Paradise", intended for ornamental-deciduous plants. If we consider liquid complex fertilizers, then the "Ideal" ruler will come to the fore. The composition of such products include macro- and microelements, among which nitrogen, in nitrate and ammonium forms. Some modifications also contain humic acids. The universal ones include fertilizers "Rainbow", presented in liquid forms and for feeding room vegetation, and for field crops.

Which soils are used for liquid fertilizer?

To advantages of such additives it is necessary to attribute undemanding to conditions of use. That is, on any soil fertilizer will provide an effective impact, whether it is feeding through the leaves or the root system. But, of course, the highest rates of growth and recovery of the additive show in conditions of cultivated and humid soils. If liquid fertilizer is used for seedling, then it is necessary to initially orient to complex additives with the inclusion of humic acid. In this combination, the nutrient base will ensure rapid growth and health of the root system.

Conclusion

Ammoniac fertilizers in liquid form have many advantages, among them: ease of application, high penetrating power, relatively low cost and rapid achievement of the result. In many respects due to these qualities additives are in demand in a professional niche. But ordinary farmers are not so willing to use liquid growth regulators, because they have serious drawbacks, which can not always be overcome. In particular, the storage and transportation of such fertilizers requires the creation of special conditions. Without the connection of special equipment, the process of introducing certain mixtures of this group is not complete. Many private agronomists are also disappointed in this way of eating, observing the negative factors of the chemical effect on plants caused by irregularities in dosages.