Life and work Prishvina MM Biography and creativity Prishvin

In this article we will introduce you to a very interesting author - a representative of Russian literature. We will describe his biography and work. Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich (years of life - 1873-1954) was born in 1873, in January. He was born in the estate Khrushchev, located in the Orel province. We will describe the life and work of Prishvin consistently, in chronological order.

The family of the future writer is descendants of merchants. A dreamy and enthusiastic father who died early, as well as a mother, poetic, tender, but at the same time hard-working, practical, strong-willed, both parents had a great influence on the character of the future writer.

Revolutionary ideas in the life and work of Prishvin

Mikhail's early childhood was spent in the village, where he observed the cares and needs of the peasants. About education in Yelets Gymnasium, and then in Tyumen in a real school writer tells us in the novel "Kashcheev's chain," which is autobiographical.

From this work we learn about how the student Prishvin was captured by the idea of universal happiness. At that time he translated various revolutionary literature, and also propagated ideas among the workers. After that, Mikhail Prishvin was arrested (1897). Sitting in a prison in Riga, in solitary confinement, he committed to pass the time, a mental journey to the North Pole. The writer was very sorry that they did not give ink and paper, otherwise he would write the diary of this trip without fail.

Life in Europe

Prishvin, whose pages of life and creativity are fraught with a lot of curiosity, are sent abroad after the exile to continue their studies in 1900. Life in Europe, of course, could not but affect the formation of its inner world. Mikhail Mikhailovich was sensitive to the culture of Western Europe. He admired Goethe, loved Wagner's music, and also saw in the books of Nietzsche the fusion of philosophy and poetry. Prishvin graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy in Leipzig (1902). At this time, he completely withdrew from participation in the political struggle, because he realized that he was incapable of it. The revolution frightened Mikhail Mikhailovich, he was a dreamer, and not a fighter at all.

First love of Prishvin

At the same time, one of the most important events in the life of the future writer happened. He met a female student from Russia in Paris. Biography and creativity of Prishvin reflected the influence of this girl, as we will now tell you. In "Kashcheyevy Chain" is told about love and break with this student, who denied Prishvin, realizing that he is unable to "penetrate into the soul" of another. Mikhail Mikhailovich had to first learn how to love, "become a husband," and not just admire the feminine beauty. That is, it was necessary first to mature spiritually. It was this girl who in many ways made Mikhail Mikhailovich a writer, as he himself admitted, saying that all his poetic experiences come from two sources: love and childhood.

Living in the countryside, getting married

For several years, returning to his homeland, Mikhail Prishvin lives in a village where he works as an agronomist, is also engaged in scientific work in the field of agriculture. He decided to live the way "all good people" live, giving up their hopes for personal happiness. Prishvin married a "simple and illiterate" peasant woman, who became his assistant.

The beginning of literary activity

Unexpectedly for himself, at age 33, Mikhail Mikhailovich realizes his vocation for literary creation. After that, he dramatically changes the way of life, becomes a correspondent of the newspaper "Russian News" published in St. Petersburg. Here, since 1905, he often prints notes and essays on peasant life. The fact that the writer's creative career began with journalism was of great importance to the writer Prishvin: in essays and articles he honed his skills, learned to summarize his thoughts, and also comprehended the art of expressiveness and accuracy of language.

Mikhail Mikhailovich also wrote works of art, novels and short stories. But only one story called "Sashok" was published in 1906 in "Rodnik" - a children's magazine. From the editorial offices the rest of the manuscripts were returned: Prishvin was not given "complex psychological things." The writer was haunted by failure.

Journey to the North

Then Prishvin decided to take a letter of recommendation in the Geographical Society, with which he went to the North (Norway and Karelia, 1907). He has long attracted the writer to his secret, and Mikhail Mikhailovich has been studying this wonderful world for two summers. Life and work of Prishvin at this time were very active. He brought from the travels records of fairy tales and epic, notebooks with travel notes, as well as numerous photographs. In addition, he was given a scientific report, after which Prishvin was elected a member of the Russian Geographical Society, and also awarded a silver medal.

Two books of essays

Essays on "Behind the Magic Kolobok" and "In the Edge of the Scared Bird" were a kind of report about the travels done. The latter seemed to the writer not very successful, in his opinion, it was too scientific. He considered his first creative book to be the first book in which essays on the life of taiga peasants and fishermen were placed, as well as on northern harsh nature. However, this work was reminiscent, in addition, and an exciting tale. Its beginning corresponded to this genre: "In a certain kingdom ..." But the tale does not at the same time obscure the truthful description of the miserable life of the people of the North, its ignorance. The writer, nevertheless, reveals above all the beauty in these people, speaks of their closeness to nature, human dignity, nobility.

Other travels and works written about these trips

The artist writes books every year and travels. The life and work of Prishvin at this time are closely interrelated. So, after he visited the Kerzhensky forests, the "Bright Lake" came out. The essays "Black Arab" and "Adam and Eve" reflected impressions from visiting Central Asia. The book "Glorious Tambourines" came out after a trip to the Crimea.

The author called the work "Black Arab" "festive." Prishvin was not constrained at its creation by a specific task of the editorial staff, so he was able to turn everyday material into an eastern fairy tale, having built his work on the idea of a fantastic transformation of the traveler and the terrain. The image of the traveler is interesting: he pretended to be a person who took a vow of silence. This book is very musical and picturesque. Readers were delighted with her, and M. Gorky even offered to publish a three-volume collection of Mikhail Mikhailovich's works in Znaniye.

Fame, rapprochement with modernists

The name of Prishvin at the beginning of the First World War became widely known in literary circles. Creativity of this writer was highly appreciated by many of his contemporaries, such as I. Bunin, A. Blok, A. Remizov, M. Gorky, Z. Gippius, V. Bryusov. Prishvin became especially close with modern writers. He found support and participation in their environment, published in their publications. He called his teacher Remizov. In modernists Mikhail Mikhailovich attracted attention to art, creativity, as well as high demands on the word. It is known that Prishvin had a plan for a novel entitled "The Beginning of the Century," he compiled his plan, preserved in the archive separate "pieces" and sketches. Unfortunately, this plan was not implemented.

Sending to the forefront as a correspondent

After the outbreak of the First World War, the writer went to the front as a correspondent for the newspaper. His illusions that this war can bring power and people together have dissipated quickly. Prishvin begins to protest against the many innumerable victims that she brought. The war is inhumane - this is the main idea of all his essays and articles.

Prishvin is a member of the "Scythians"

The writer, like the bulk of the advanced intelligentsia of our country at that time, warmly welcomed the February revolution. He came soon to the association "Scythians", to which belonged writers such as E. Zamyatin, A. Remizov, N. Klyuev, S. Yesenin, A. Bely, V. Bryusov and others who shared a view of the history of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries. They focused on the Russian village, the peasantry, and not on the proletariat, and also tried to "unite" Christianity with socialism.

Life and work of Prishvin in the first years after October

The revolution is an event that affected the fates of many people, including the author of interest to us. A brief chronicle of the life and work of MM Prishvin in the first years after October is the following.

After the revolution, Mikhail Mikhailovich began to cooperate with the printed editions of the Socialist Revolutionaries - the newspapers "Early Morning", "The Will of the People," "The Cause of the People" - until they were closed as counter-revolutionary.

In the period from 1918 to 1919 in Yelets he works as a teacher of the Russian language, organizer of local lore. In 1920 he left this city with his family to his homeland. In Smolensk province, the writer worked as a school director and teacher. He also organized in the former estate of Baryshnikov Museum of Manor Life.

The period from 1922 to 1924 is marked by the following events. Mikhail Mikhailovich moved with his family to Moscow, in the Taldom district. Here he works on a book called "Boots", and also begins to write an autobiographical work "Kashcheev's chain", which we have already mentioned. There are novels about nature, hunting stories.

"Berendeye Springs"

In 1925, the writer moved to Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, engaged in local history work. There is a book called "Berendeye Springs" - one of the most famous works, in which the world of nature in the work of Mikhail Prishvin was fully reflected. The book tells about people with whom the writer worked and lived. In it, Prishvin's special approach to revealing the subjects of nature and man is seen. The author emphasizes kinship with the whole world of people, saying that all elements of the natural world have entered into man. In many ways this world defines our activities, even the external appearance. Trees and animals are the prototypes of people. Nature in lyrical miniatures is endowed with characteristics of the human inner world. Not understanding the philosophy of nature Prishvin, it is impossible to read deeply the works written by him. It differs from other artists of the word that, with the theme of this, he connects all the main issues raised in books. The essence of human being is revealed through the image of nature.

1930s in the life and work of Prishvin

In 1931, in the spring, Prishvin went on a trip to the Urals on the instructions of the editorial board of the journal Our Achievements, at which time he worked. And in the autumn of the same year - to the Far East, where the life and work of M. Prishvin continued.

The book "My Sketch" appears in 1933 with the preface by M. Gorky. Essays on the materials of the trip to the North were written at the same time and are called "Fathers and Children." The story "The Root of Life" (another name - "Ginseng") was published in the magazine "Krasnaya Nov '" in the same year. In this book contemporaries saw the poetry of the transformation of life with the help of creativity, which was consonant with the whole pathos of Soviet literature. However, if most writers-contemporaries Prishvin talked about collective labor (collective farms, factories, new buildings), Mikhail Mikhailovich wrote about the organization of a deer reserve. His characters are Chinese and Russian. The story describes their work and life, their relationship. The main idea is the unity of people of different nationalities.

Prishvin was reproached that he deliberately departed from modern reality, did not depict in the work a historical epoch (at the beginning of the century the action of this story takes place). However, another was important for the writer: express your own thoughts about creativity. The poem written by him is fanned by the romanticism of the work of the "blessed", the kinship between different people, and also by nature and man. Ginseng is a source of youth and health, the root of life, but at the same time it is also a spiritual source that helps to determine a person's life path. For the first time the author was connected with his own biography of the story of a fictional person who, during the Russo-Japanese War, got to the Far East. Autobiographical and one of the most important motifs of the work is a feeling of aching pain that permeates the hero in remembrance of his first love, as well as a newfound joy when the lost happiness is in another woman. All this reflects the biography of Prishvin Mikhail, briefly described by us.

We continue our story. In 1934, a number of important events marked his life and work. M. Prishvin goes to study the automobile business in Gorky, and then goes to the northern forests. Impressions from the nature of these places were reflected in the essays "Berendeeva chascha", as well as in the collection for children "The Beast Chipmunk".

In 1939, the writer was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, and the following year he married VD Lebedeva and spent the summer in the Moscow region, in the village of Tyazhino. There are works "Forest Drops", "Phacelia", as well as a cycle called "Grandfather's Valenok".

Life and work of the writer during the Second World War

During World War II, in August 1941, the writer was evacuated from the capital to the Yaroslavl region, the village of Usolye. In 1942, work on the third part of the novel "Kashcheev's chain" continues. In 1943, "The Stories of the Leningrad Children" were published. In connection with the 70th anniversary of the writer was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

The chronicle of MM Prishvin's life and work of this period is marked by the following further events. In the summer of 1945 he lived in Pushkin, near Moscow, where the "Pantry of the Sun" was created. Collection "Golden Meadow" appeared in 1948.

In 1952, the writer resumed work on the "Kashcheev's chain," the third part.

January 16, 1954 - the date that completes his life and work. M. Prishvin died in Moscow.

Estimates of creativity and personality of Prishvin

Mikhail Mikhailovich is a peculiar writer. Contradictory assessments evoked the life and work of Prishvin from his contemporaries. Bakhtin wrote a lot about him, Prishvin Bokov, Kazakov, and Kozhinov highly valued him. Sharply spoke about the work of Mikhail Mikhailovich Tvardovsky, Sokolov-Mikitov, Platonov. However, the writer believed in love and understanding of descendants, and today there are very many readers of Prishvin.

Diary of Prishvin

Mikhail Mikhailovich was genuinely happy when he met the readers' understanding, often said that he wrote for a friend reader who is capable of co-creation. Often visited him in the last years of his life and in Dudin, and in Moscow, such admirers of his talent as S. Marshak A. Yashin, V. Shishkov, Vs. Ivanov, K. Fedin. Prishvin saw his "reader" in Paustovsky, the closest writer in the "spirit of creativity." Their lyricism, love of nature, as well as sharpened attention to the artistic word. K. Paustovsky spoke enthusiastically about the diary, which MM Prishvin had been leading for half a century. He believed that two or three lines of it would be enough for a whole book, if you expand them.

Many writers are known to have kept diaries. However, Prishvin considered work on him as the main business of life. Publish succeeded in some of the records from which Nezabudki, Eyes of the Earth, Lesnaya Kapel, and Fatselia were born. However, during life, as well as long after death, most of the records could not be published, because they were considered an expression of ideologically incorrect, erroneous views. In his diary the writer was indignant, pondering, recording the signs of time, talking with people. From the records one can learn a lot about the peculiarities of our country's life in the first half of the 20th century.

MM Prishvin today

The peculiarity of MM Prishvin's creativity is now appreciated. Today there are a lot of readers of this author. On the life and work of Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin written a lot. Quickly bought up outgoing editions of books by Mikhail Mikhailovich, he is remembered and loved in his native Yelets, in Tyumen, where he studied, and also in Karelia, on which he traveled a lot, and in Dunin, where the last years of the writer's life passed.

Today the curriculum certainly includes works by such a writer as Prishvin. Life and work (6th grade, school curriculum on literature) is studied in all schools of our country. Although there are not very many hours devoted to this topic. We consider only a brief biography of MM Prishvin. For children this is enough. Perhaps in a more mature age there will be a desire to learn more about the life and work of such an interesting author. This article is written just for those who want to learn the details of the life and work of Mikhail Mikhailovich, who are not told about in high school.