Internet of things - what is it? The development of the Internet of things in Russia

The Internet has become a real breakthrough in human civilization. With his help, many new directions in the economy and social life arose. One of them is the Internet of things. What it is? What is its essence? Is this a progress or not? All this we will consider in the framework of this article.

general information

From the formulation it can be understood that the main object of interaction are things that have access to the network. Many people find this very difficult to understand, the phrase itself is perceived as some kind of absurdity. But to understand it is necessary as a "network of things." That is, many become hostages of a simple translation of the design name from English without adaptation to local features.

If we talk about the Internet of things popular, it means the concept of space, in which there is a combination of digital and analog worlds. Thanks to this, our relations with objects are redefined, and their additional essence and properties are revealed. By this concept is understood any virtual or real object that exists and can move in time and space.

Here, however, I want to ask how this relates to non-existent digital data, but practice will show everything. After all, this phenomenon is understood as a small number of sensors and devices that are connected by communication channels and connected to the Internet. Here we consider the possibility of integrating the real and virtual worlds, where people and devices act as equal parties to communication. That's what the Internet of things is. We have considered what it is, now let's pay attention to the investigation of the possibility of realizing this state of affairs.

Creating a prototype

The first person who suggested something like this was Nikola Tesla. In 1926, he suggested the integration of all things into a single whole through radio, which evolves to the position of a "big brain". The management tools will then fit into your pocket. The world's first Internet thing was created by one of the fathers of the TCP / IP protocol by John Romki in 1990, when he hooked up his toaster to the network. English variant for the designation of this concept (Internet of Things) was proposed by Kevin Ashton. This happened in 1999. At the same time, the center for automatic identification was created, thanks to which such a phenomenon became widespread. In 2008, the number of items connected to the network exceeded the number of people who have access to it. This is how the Internet of things is developing to this day. Examples of this phenomenon will be given later in the text of the article.

Possibility to use in the future

It is assumed that it will be important for participants in business, social and information processes. Here things will act as active subjects of interaction. They will be able to "communicate" among themselves, conveying information about the environment, as well as reacting and influencing the processes that take place under the control of the situation, without involving a person.

Structure of construction

The development of the Internet of things involves creating a clear framework for interaction, as well as the scale of influence. Some experts cite the following classification of the structure as a model:

1. 1st level. Identification of each object is carried out separately.
2. 2 nd level. It is a service that serves the needs of a person (as a particular example, you can consider the "smart house" system).
3. 3rd level. It is a service built on the concept of an "intelligent" city. It provides for the collection and processing of all information pertaining to the inhabitants of the settlement, as well as of certain districts, quarters and houses.
4. 4th level. Sensory planet. Acts on the example of the third level, but already on the territory of the whole planet.

How are the Internet data transmitted?

To interact and communicate devices, you need to use one language (method). Cisco conducted a thorough technical analysis, which established that IP technology could be adapted to the requirements of a new type of network. In this case, it means only the means of communication between different devices, while there is no need to speak of a single machine language. But even if you have such a start, you can say that a complex array of individual units of equipment will still be standardized, and this will happen on the same principle as it was with the Internet.

Technologies

We have already considered what the Internet of things is, what it is and what convenience it can give in the future. But how can this concept be realized? At the moment it is based on two technologies:

1. Radio frequency identification. This is a method of object recognition, in which the use of radio signals is the recording and reading of existing data. They are stored in transponders. This technology is well suited for tracking the movement of a part of the objects, and it also copes with a small amount of information. In this case, you can give an example: the refrigerator has a reader. The products contain special RFID tags. As soon as their expiration date comes to an end, we would receive a notice about this. In case the food runs out in the fridge, you can provide a person's notice about this.
2. Wireless sensor networks. In this case, there is a plurality of sensors and actuators that will be combined by a radio signal. The coverage area in this case can range from a few meters to a couple of kilometers. And all this will be done by relaying messages between the elements of the system. This vision has already found realization in solving a number of practical tasks related to monitoring, logistics, management and so on.

Implementation issues

The most important thing at the moment is the lack of standards. Therefore, when integrating the proposed solutions, there are significant difficulties. It is also necessary to ensure the autonomy of all things. In other words, it is necessary to learn how to make such sensors, so that they receive energy from the environment, not from the batteries. Also, you should take into account the risks that are inherent in the presence of a global network through which you can control the whole world. Of interest is also what will be the Internet of things without the Internet. After all, it will be enough to lose electricity - and all the developments may be unnecessary. Therefore, it will be necessary to provide power not only to small sensors, but also to processing systems.

Capabilities

But if you think so, the negative side is almost everything. So let's concentrate on the positive, which is the technology of "Internet of things". So, its implementation can lead to the fact that:

1. The objects will constantly support the person.
2. Transparency of the conducted processes and a primary orientation to the result will be ensured.
3. The focus is not on performance, but on the desired.

It is envisaged that the control will be performed using a small device, the role of which can be performed even by a smartphone. Although it is not excluded even that for this purpose a device built into the head of a person will be used. But this is still a distant future. Although, how to know.

And what about Russia?

The Internet of things in Russia is not yet strongly organized. The first steps towards its streamlining were made only in the fall of 2015. And with the proposal to create a thematic consortium, Rostelecom acted only in early spring. It should be noted that in this direction there are no leaders whose position would be undeniable. Therefore, theoretically, there are all chances to break out ahead in this industry. True, for the success of the enterprise it will be necessary to engage in its popularization, explaining to everyone that the Internet of things is itself. Photos, videos and various fact-finding exhibitions, open to the general public, can only help in this. Also active propaganda in the mass media can help this cause. It is necessary to awaken the public's interest in high technologies, invention. And in this case, significant financial injections are needed. Then we can expect that the investments that we will make now, will bring us benefits in the future.

Conclusion

So we looked at what the Internet of things is. What this is and how it can theoretically be realized - there should not be any questions. It should be noted that perspective technologies are constantly appearing in the world. The task of our state is to help those who are not afraid to experiment and create something new. It is necessary to provide all-round support for those who wish to work for the benefit of all mankind. However, it is necessary not to lose sight of the potential risks. So, with the development of the Internet of things, it will be necessary to seriously take care of information security. In addition, it is necessary to take into account that such processes can have negative consequences for those who are prone to laziness (the likelihood of an increase in the number of such people is also considered high). Therefore, technologies should be introduced taking into account various factors in order to minimize the bad sides and at the same time maximize the good ones.