Inflammation of the duodenum: causes and treatment

Between the stomach and intestine there is an intermediate department, which often enough can be infected. As a result, a disease such as duodenitis develops. This disease is rarely seen as an independent pathology, most often it occurs against the background of pancreatitis, cholecystitis, colitis, gastritis and other disorders.

Definition

The malaise is observed at least once for every tenth person and is an inflammation of the mucosa of the duodenum. It has no age restrictions, but is rare in children. Although gastroenterologists noted that the duodenitis most often suffer from representatives of the male sex.

Only a qualified specialist can make a correct diagnosis after a number of laboratory and instrumental studies have been performed. Therapy directly depends on the course of the disease, but preference is given to conservative methods, which include adherence to a sparing diet and intake of medications. Operative intervention is required only in the most severe cases.

Causes

Most often inflammation of the duodenal ulcer occurs as a concomitant disease. Usually it appears against a background of another intestinal disturbance, namely:

- dyspepsia - discomfort in the stomach after eating;
- cholecystitis - inflammation of the gallbladder;
- acute hepatitis against a background of viral infection;
- peptic ulcer - lesions of the shell of the small intestine and stomach;
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - ulcerogenic pancreatic adenoma;
- diarrhea - chronic disorder;
- gastritis - inflammation of the mucosa.

Significant stress, which is caused by a serious infection or surgery, also contributes to the appearance of duodenitis. Nonsteroid drugs can often provoke inflammation of the duodenum.

Types

Classify the ailment by several criteria:

1. Course of the disease:

• Acute - occurs unexpectedly and does not last long, in this case all the symptoms will be very acute;
• Chronic - the disorder persists for a long period, most often it does not manifest with pain syndromes, sometimes it can make itself known by unpleasant, uncomfortable sensations.

2. Degree of defeat:

• Erosive - erosions and wounds appear on the base of the intestine;
• Superficial - there is only inflammation.

3. Place of education:

• Bulbar - the focus is located near the bulb of the duodenum;
• Postbulbarny - settles in the depths.

Symptoms

In order for a person to independently diagnose that he has duodenitis, it is necessary to pay attention to certain signs:

• Aching and prolonged pain in the upper abdomen, which often occur on an empty stomach;
• Bloating and swelling of the intestine;
• Burping food, usually immediately after a meal;
• Nausea, sometimes vomiting with an admixture of bile;
• lack of appetite;
• heartburn.

If chronic inflammation of the duodenum is observed, symptoms often begin to appear after stressful situations, during an exacerbation and with errors in the diet.

Diagnostics

At appearance of characteristic signs the doctor appoints:

• Fluoroscopy of the intestine and stomach;
• Stool analysis;
• general blood analysis;
• Biochemical tests.

With a combination of these methods, you can find out the state of the stomach, liver, pancreas, identify an infectious agent, an inflammatory reaction, and also check the motor abilities of the digestive organs.

Instrumental research

The most reliable method of diagnosing duodenitis is endoscopy. If there is a superficial inflammation of the duodenum, then on the monitor will be observed uneven edematous mucosa. So, it is possible to reveal a sharp hyperemia in the form of single spots. These zones protrude slightly over the rest of the surface.

With pronounced duodenitis, the mucosa takes on a diffuse-edematous appearance. Spotted areas of hyperemia are much larger, they often join in fields up to 2 cm in diameter. Small areas of hemorrhage are also present in such areas. The mucous becomes light-headed, a light yellow opalescent liquid and a large amount of mucus can be found in the lumen.

If there is a pronounced inflammation of the duodenum, the endoscopic picture will be even brighter. With this disease, the phenomenon of semolina is noted. Ultrasound can lead to local soreness under the sensor when pressing in the antral region, which helps differentiate the unpleasant syndromes caused by the disease.

Therapy

Initially, the patient requires strict diet. How to remove inflammation of the duodenum? Treatment is carried out with medicines taking into account the main cause of the disease.

1. For the purpose of analgesia, analgesics and enveloping agents are used.
2. If an infection is detected, a course of antibiotic therapy will be required.
3. To reduce the acidity of gastric juice, specialized medicines are needed.
4. In order to defeat enzyme deficiency, an additional correction of nutrition is needed.
5. Compulsively restorative drugs, antispasmodics and vitamins will be prescribed.

Sometimes for therapy requires the use of immunocorrectors and soothing agents. Physiotherapy methods, namely magnetotherapy, electrophoresis and ozocerite have an excellent effect, since they remove inflammation of the duodenum well. Symptoms and treatment of this disease can be different, so the patient is recommended to go through certain stages:

• stationary;
• Polyclinic;
• Sanatorium and resort.

Then you can know for sure that all the possibilities for fighting the disease have been used.

Pregnancy

During this period, the treatment of duodenitis should be differentiated, complex and strictly individual, and be based on certain principles: drug therapy is performed only at the time of exacerbation and with a lack of effect on adherence to diet, diet and antacids.

If inflammation of the stomach and duodenum is detected, during the therapy, nonabsorbable drugs are used. When selecting drugs, those with sodium (in order to avoid the development of metabolic alkalosis, as well as fluid retention in both the fetus and the mother) should be excluded and priority should be given to preparations having a high neutralizing ability and a well balanced composition of laxatives and fixing substances. They include "Maalox", which is assigned to 1 serving of powder every few hours after meals (3-5 times a day). Still used are "Fosfalugel", "Almagel", "Coalin" and aluminum hydroxide.

Very often used astringent and enveloping drugs (recommended vegetable origin - decoctions of St. John's wort, chamomile flowers and yarrow).

First of all, the components of the following action are selected:

• Anti-inflammatory (oak, plantain);
• Spasmolytic (licorice, dill, mint, chamomile);
• Antiseptic (St. John's wort, calendula);
• Laxatives (rhubarb, zoster, buckthorn).

Antisecretory drugs may include some non-selective M-cholinolytics. Atropine reduces the tone of the smooth musculature of the esophagus, inhibits the secretory function of the stomach, but at the same time it helps to open the cervix, resulting in a probability of miscarriage in the first trimester, and also activates the fetal tachycardia. Therefore, if a woman has a chronic inflammation of the duodenum in the position, it is preferable to use Metacin or Platifillin, which have less aggressive effects on the fetus and mother. In addition, these drugs have a relaxing effect on the uterus, which allows it to be used by women who are diagnosed with a threat of miscarriage. In the case of secondary duodenitis, therapy of the underlying disease is recommended.

Folk remedies

Despite the fact that at present most doctors know how to treat inflammation of the duodenum by traditional methods, patients still trust the proven herbal complexes. Most often, the following simple drugs are used:

1. Pour 1 teaspoon of boiling water. Flax seed, after which everything stands 20 minutes. The prepared drink is used in small sips on an empty stomach. The medicine is taken for a month without interruption.
2. In equal parts mixed chamomile, lemon balm, licorice root and althea, bark buckthorn, lavender, shepherd's bag. Then 1 tsp. The prepared mixture is poured into a glass of boiling water and sent to a water bath. Strain and drink everything 30 minutes before eating.
3. Dilute 0.5 kg of sea-buckthorn and pour 0.5 liters of sunflower oil. This composition is insisted for a week in a closed vessel. Further, the mass is rubbed and taken if inflammation of the bulb of the duodenum is observed, 1 tbsp. L. Every day for a month.
4. An aqueous solution of the herb of St. John's wort is prepared and at the time of exacerbation, several sips are taken every day.
5. Juice is squeezed out of the leaves and stems of a large plantain, after which a little honey is added there. The resulting mixture is drunk for 1 tsp. Before eating.
6. In pure and warm water, the rhubarb branches are soaked, then they are applied as a compress in the moments of inflammation to the zone of the stomach.

Complications

Many people do not even suspect that they have inflammation of the duodenum. Symptoms of such ailment can not always be independently diagnosed, for this reason duodenitis is often triggered and late start treatment, thereby provoking the appearance of such complications:

• Inflammation of the body's serous membrane;
• Intestinal obstruction;
• Extensive bleeding;
• Ulcerative lesion and constriction of the pylorus;
• Suppurative inflammation of tissues;
• Insufficiency of duodenal hormones.

But, despite the high probability of complications, the prognosis with duodenitis is favorable. If you find the disease in the early stages, you can achieve full recovery.

Specific prevention as such does not exist. It is only necessary to adhere to a healthy lifestyle, as well as timely treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and follow recommendations for meals. Several times a year come for preventive examinations to the gastroenterologist.

Diet with inflammation of the duodenum

Patients suffering from duodenitis must adhere to the right diet, which will facilitate recovery. First of all, you must abandon the rough food, which traumatizes and so damaged mucous. Recommended for use are boiled, grinded, steamed and steamed dishes.

It is necessary to stop eating salty, spicy, sour and fried, marinades and smoked products are also unacceptable. It is required to replace fresh baked goods with bread and croutons. Hot chocolate, alcoholic beverages, lemonade and coffee are completely counter-indicative.

In the diet should be primacy enveloping and sparing foods, these can be casseroles, cereals, purees, kissels, meatballs, cutlets, vegetable and cereal soups. It is very useful to use sour-milk products. It is also necessary to follow the rule of fractionality and regular diet. The water diet is not the last place: for a day you need to drink at least 1.5 liters of fluid.

Prevention

To the disease of the duodenum no longer disturbed by complications and exacerbations, the following recommendations should be implemented:

• Get rid of bad habits (smoking, drugs, alcohol);
• Strictly adhere to the restrictions in medical nutrition;
• Organize the schedule of work and rest;
• To exclude stressful loads;
• Timely treatment of concomitant diseases;
• Attend courses of anti-relapse therapy.