Hyperthermic syndrome in children. Help with hyperthermic syndrome

Hyperthermal syndrome is a rapid increase in body temperature, usually above 40 degrees. When there is such a patient in the house, it causes panic in his relatives, as we all know the danger of the fever and its consequences. If the fever occurs in children, parents rightly "beat all the bells," since the small organism is not strong enough and needs help to overcome the fever.

Hyperthermal Syndrome: what is it?

This condition in children is observed quite often. This is due to the vulnerability of a small organism, the lack of strong immunity and a special sensitivity to different viruses, infections and bacteria. A rise in body temperature is always a protective reaction to any kind of malfunction in the body. As a result, the bactericidal activity of the blood rises, the leukocytes become more active, the metabolism increases, the production of endogenous interferon occurs doubly faster.

With hyperthermic syndrome, the hypothalamus, which is located in the brain and is responsible for the regulation of body temperature, is amenable to the action of stimuli. If the heat arises unexpectedly and develops rapidly, it leads to a load on the heart, vessels, lungs. Oxygen is faster and more active in the blood, but it does not save from the development of possible hypoxia, which causes seizures and various malfunctions in the central nervous system. To avoid possible complications, body temperature in very young children is better measured every day.

The most common reasons for the increase

Body temperature

Hyperthermic syndrome in children can occur primarily because of acute respiratory viral infection or influenza. Not always temperature indicators in this case exceed the mark of 40 degrees, but sometimes this is due to weakened immunity, acute form of the disease or individual features of its course. Determine the cause of fever in this case is easy enough, as it is usually accompanied by a cough or runny nose.

The source of temperature increase is also any infectious disease (chickenpox, rubella, measles), as well as appendicitis. If the fever caused a disruption in the internal organs, inflammatory processes, then this is a very serious situation that requires immediate medical attention. Especially dangerous in kidney diseases hyperthermic syndrome: mcb, kidney failure can occur unpredictably and is accompanied by a number of complications. Therefore, carefully observe the symptoms to help the doctor make the correct diagnosis. On this depends the health, and sometimes the life of a little man.

What else can provoke hypothermic

syndrome

Sometimes a fever is caused by an overdose or intolerance to certain medications. In children, the temperature sometimes jumps after routine vaccinations. To get around this situation, parents start giving the child antihistamines 5 days before the vaccination.

High temperature can be triggered by toxins in poisoning: they attack the brain and the part where the body temperature regulator is located. This malignant hyperthermia syndrome. In addition, with an anesthesia and a coma, a fever may occur.

The banal causes of heat are also: elementary overheating in the sun, heat stroke or even stress. Toddlers react to different life situations and physically: therefore, indigestion and high fever are frequent consequences of a nervous condition. Children also suffer a severe acclimatization, so after arriving in an exotic country, do not be surprised that your baby has fallen with temperature. Hyperthermal syndrome in adults is also possible for this reason, but in very rare cases.

Types of hyperthermia syndrome

It appears differently depending on the specific case and characteristics of the child's organism. For example, the duration of hyperthermia syndrome may be ephemeral (from several hours to two days), acute (up to two weeks), subacute (up to 45 days) and chronic (more than 45 days). The latter two species are almost never found in the modern world, as new technologies allow you to quickly knock down a fever and provide help with hyperthermic syndrome.

In addition, these types of fever are distinguished:

1. Constant. It keeps on the same level - more than 39 degrees (it accompanies such diseases as croupous pneumonia, abdominal and typhus).
2. Waning. Sometimes it drops to 38 degrees, but does not reach normal levels (typical for bronchitis, pneumonia, influenza).
3. Intermittent. Periods of normal temperature alternate with fever (it happens with sepsis and malaria).
4. Returnable. Here everything is the other way around: periods of heat are replaced by a normal state (occurs with typhus).
5. Wavy. Long periods of recovery and decline (typical for brucellosis, lymphogranulomatosis).
6. Exhausting. Large temperature jumps (tuberculosis, sepsis).
7. Wrong, which can not be explained and goes beyond the bounds of regularities.

Clinical picture

Hyperthermal syndrome in children can manifest itself in different ways. Usually, depending on the general condition of the baby, the strength of his body and individual characteristics, fever happens:

• Pink. This is not even a hyperthermic syndrome, but only its partial manifestation. Hyperthermic reaction - the so-called heat is known when the baby's skin is warm, the mucous membranes are moderately moist, and there is no tachycardia. The general condition is quite satisfactory.
• Pale. This hyperthermic syndrome in its pure form. The patient feels a chill, the skin is pale with a marble pattern, hands and feet are icy, tachycardia is possible. The temperature is very difficult to knock down. It is characterized by a metabolic disorder, a violation of microcirculation and dysfunction of internal organs. The baby can be in a very serious condition, which urgently needs first aid. You must call an ambulance and, waiting for her arrival, on your own to try to lower the fever in the child.

What parents should do before the doctors arrive

While waiting for a team of doctors, you have no right to lament or sit idly by. By simple actions, parents can alleviate hyperthermia syndrome. Emergency care without medicines and all kinds of drugs is as follows:

1. Put the child in bed, open the window and ensure access to fresh air.
2. Unbutton the baby's clothes. Do not wrap it up if it "burns". On the contrary, apply something cold, better in the groin area. Turn on the fan and direct the flow of fresh air to the baby. You can wipe the patient's skin with table vinegar with water or alcohol (if the child does not have 3 months, this procedure should be abandoned).
3. If your son or daughter is experiencing a chill, then, on the contrary, cover them with a warm blanket, additionally attaching a heating pad to your feet.

It is very important to give the baby to drink, the more, the better. So the body will quickly get rid of toxins that poison it. If you are sure that the cause of the fever has become poisoning, then you can wash the baby's stomach and intestines. Do not leave your baby alone if he has hyperthermic syndrome. First aid rendered by parents will not only facilitate his physical condition, but also support the child morally, because care and attention are very important for him now.

The drug "Paracetamol": the main weapon against heat

After you called the doctor and took the first steps to relieve the baby's condition, you can try to knock down the temperature yourself. Hyperthermic syndrome in children, an emergency aid in which lies in drug treatment, provides for the intake of antipyretics. At home, giving the necessary dose of such a drug is an important and necessary step which, if not completely eliminates the fever, will greatly facilitate the overall condition of the baby.

The safest and most reliable antipyretic preparation is the good old drug Paracetamol, the daily dose of which should not exceed 60 mg / kg. It is produced in the form of rectal suppositories for the smallest, as well as syrups, capsules and dragees for older children. Paracetamol should not be taken for more than three days in a row, because it can cause a hepatotoxic effect - a malfunction of the liver. Also, it is not recommended to give babies with an individual intolerance to the drug.

Other antipyretic drugs

These are the preparations "Ibufen" and "Nurofen", children's forms of ibuprofen. Usually babies are well perceived, although it has more side effects, and they often occur than from the same drug "Paracetamol." These medications can be given to a child if he is already a year old and does not tolerate Paracetamol. They will help to tame the hyperthermic syndrome in children, the urgent help of these drugs is manifested not only in their antipyretic effect, but also in the ability to calm down the pain.

Homeopathic remedy for fever - "Viburkol". But it is not always effective and quickly works with hyperthermic syndrome. In individual cases, parents can give the antipyretic preparation that is available at home so as not to waste time on the road to the pharmacy (this may be the drug Efferalgan, Panadol and others). If the baby has already taken this medicine, and you are sure that it works, feel free to give the recommended dose for its age and weight, described in the instructions.

The main thing that parents need to remember is that small children should not take such antipyretic drugs as "Analgin", "Aspirin", "Antipyrine", "Amidopyrin", "Fenacetin" and other medicines based on them. If you are in any doubt about the choice of antipyretic tablets or syrups, call a pediatrician who will help you make the decision.

Actions of doctors

The brigade of physicians who came to the call in their arsenal has many tools that will help quickly eliminate the hyperthermic syndrome. Emergency medical aid consists of a puncture, which consists of three substances: papaverine, analgin, and diphenhydramine. This method is very effective and is used if the baby's condition is critical, and all your efforts failed to lower the temperature.

Also to the kid can enter a solution of aminazine, pifolen and novocaine. With spasm of blood vessels, eufillin helps, and to calm the nervous system, midazolam. The doctor calculates the dose for your child, while trying to quickly determine the cause of the fever. Be prepared for questions, because your quick reaction is very important. Depending on the source of heat, the child is given antiviral, hormonal or other drugs. Simultaneously, when the baby has hyperthermic syndrome, he should not take calcium preparations, vasopressors and atropine.

Frequent mistakes of doctors

In adults and children, the hypothermic syndrome is very different. The first aid should be directed mainly to the elimination of the causes of fever. Only if in adults the heat develops gradually against a background of different kinds of symptoms, then the fever often arises unexpectedly in children. In the evening the child laughed and played, and at night he was in critical condition. Therefore, the main task of a doctor is to quickly and accurately establish the correct diagnosis, to prescribe the necessary treatment. Often in ambulances there are no defibrillators that are so necessary in saving babies.

The most common medical errors are: incorrect dosage of the drug, an incompatible combination of drugs that can mask the underlying symptoms of the disease. Therefore, when entering the hospital to determine the root cause of fever is often impossible. Doctors also need to pay attention to the patient's age and, in accordance with it, prescribe resuscitation. Competent work of doctors accompanies the rapid recovery of the baby and the prevention of possible complications after the transferred hyperthermic syndrome.