Design of industrial buildings and structures

The operation of industrial facilities is often accompanied by increased load on the structure. In this regard, technology is constantly improving the regulatory framework governing the area of design of construction objects of this type. By the way, in addition to traditional production facilities, such structures include towers for storage of materials, tanks, trestles and other engineering structures. However, the design of industrial buildings has its own characteristics in terms of functional and ergonomic performance. Also, specialists provide for the possibility of optimizing construction with the expectation of increasing the energy efficiency of facilities.

General regulatory requirements

In the design process, as a rule, it is required to combine several functional zones in one facility, which will be responsible for storing materials and raw materials, manufacturing and performing technological operations. This solution allows you to optimize spatial opportunities and save space. Also in the premises is a multifunctional equipment that can be used to solve different tasks. In addition, the design standards for industrial buildings require that, if possible, the objects are developed on a modular principle of coordinating dimensions. Again, this is a new approach to design that allows you to rationally use space.

Although safety is the main point of the standards, it is impossible to ignore technical and economic requirements in the context of optimal design. On this basis, the design of industrial buildings with increased energy efficiency is based.

Accounting for safety standards

Industrial objects make high demands not only for the technical part. Construction with the use of reinforced bearing structures is an indispensable condition for the implementation of such projects. However, to ensure the safety of people who serve an industrial facility, various factors must be taken into account. In particular, the norms require the observance of optimal microclimatic and sanitary-epidemiological conditions in working premises.

If designing of industrial buildings, the activity of which will be connected with the processing of chemically harmful substances, then a high-efficiency forced ventilation should be provided. The indicators of the content of hazardous substances should be regularly monitored during the operation of such buildings. In addition to ventilating systems, engineering installations with automatic or manual air regulation can also be used. The same applies to the temperature parameters of the microclimate, which must be regulated by appropriate instruments.

Planning a building

The area of the structure should be determined collectively, taking into account all premises, including technical, overground, basement and basement. Depending on the purpose of the facility, special passages should be provided for the maintenance of communications. Industrial buildings are very demanding for infrastructure equipment, so access to them should be as free as possible, but at the same time, engineering networks should hide in special niches. In this regard, the design of residential, industrial buildings, as well as production workshops, is the same and is guided by the criteria of accessibility and reliability.

Do not forget about the criteria for energy efficiency. Rational distribution of electrical communications, for example, will save a considerable amount in the costs of maintaining the building. Above the suspended ceilings, it should also be possible to install sites for auxiliary maintenance of conveyors, crane runways, lighting devices and monorails.

Structural design

First of all, the development of a structural and planning solution should be carried out with the focus on minimizing the risk of injury. That is, the processes of movement, performance of work activities, use of mobile equipment and equipment should be as safe as possible. To achieve this kind of safety, construction structures should be made of high-strength materials, the bearing capacity of which corresponds to the building's load. The requirements for the stability of materials in relation to the progressive collapse must also be taken into account.

Bearing elements and the foundation of the building during construction should be endowed with sufficient strength and for operation in conditions of increased loads, which are permitted by technical standards of SNiP documents. The design of industrial buildings in this part provides not only the performance of calculations for the action of loads from its own mass. Depending on local climatic conditions, loads from wind and snow are also taken into account.

Infrastructure design

In view of the specifics of operation of most industrial buildings, the work on providing the communal engineering infrastructure is most often focused not on laying the networks, but on the technical implementation of conditions for the performance of such activities. To simplify the installation activities, the design of industrial buildings initially involves the inclusion of special technological openings for the introduction of heating circuits, water supply and electrical wiring. The type of arrangement of living spaces also provides for raised floors and suspended ceiling niches. On the one hand, this solution facilitates the installation operations, and on the other hand, in the process of operation, provides free access to the maintenance of communications.

Features of designing of multi-storey buildings

In the projects of multi-storey facilities with a height of at least 15 m from the ground, passenger elevators are provided. The places for integration of the appropriate channels, as well as their infrastructural support, are being planned in advance. In some cases, the design of industrial buildings and structures can not do without the calculation of freight elevators. The number and lifting capacity of the lifting equipment is calculated depending on the freight and passenger flows. For example, one elevator is enough to service a shift of 30 workers, provided that the building has a height of about 15 m.

Features of the design of warehouse facilities

The complexity of designing warehouse facilities is usually associated with the specifics of the storage of certain goods and materials. For example, premises in which food products are planned to be kept must have fences without sharp edges. In this case, the material for manufacturing such barriers must be strong enough that mice do not gnaw it. Ventilation systems with adjustable channel openings are also envisaged. This is a necessary condition if goods with different requirements to the microclimate and access to the air environment are stored. Typically, the design of civil industrial buildings for the production and storage of food is carried out and with the expectation of special requirements for the materials of the finish. For example, floor coverings can not be formed from decking, which contains tar waxes and other environmentally harmful components.

Design of loading and unloading structures

Bundles of production and storage facilities are a common solution in industrial complexes. However, for the effective operation of such facilities, the integration of appropriate loading and unloading equipment is required. Such functions are performed by lifting platforms and ramps, which are designed taking into account the requirements for the general safety of personnel and the protection of cargo from mechanical damage. Dimensional parameters of aggregates are determined on the basis of data on the freight turnover of a particular enterprise.

In addition, the design of industrial buildings and enterprises in terms of providing loading and unloading structures should take into account the requirements for fire safety. Especially this applies to the lifts, which are directly adjacent to the buildings and technological equipment. Such designs should initially be developed with non-flammable and heat-resistant materials.

Conclusion

The quality of design work depends, first of all, on the integrity of the performers. The regulatory framework provides enough information for the performer to realize in all senses an effective design solution. Therefore, the customer should focus on organizations that have sufficient experience of such activities. In Russia, such concern the construction companies "AZNH Group", NEOKA and Central Research Institute. Design of residential and industrial buildings, these organizations perform with the use of modern urban planning techniques. In particular, engineers with designers at the stage of preparation of the basic solution are guided by the possibility of using innovative building materials. Also, in the process of work, advanced geoinformation systems are used, which enable high-quality perform complex analyzes of territories for the further definition of operational conditions.