How to grow potatoes for planting? Potatoes for planting. Potatoes before planting

For Russians from ancient times, potatoes became the second bread. Without this culture, our table is incomplete. To ensure friendly shoots and further a rich harvest of tubers, you need to take care of the planting material. Let's consider several options for how to grow potatoes faster, which methods of treating tubers are applied, as well as the requirements for the location where they are stored.

Tubers for planting

If the tuber is examined, then on its smooth surface one can see eyes. Of these, shoots appear. Potatoes are carefully selected and specially prepared before planting. Before getting acquainted with the options for processing the planting material, we will briefly describe the most popular varieties of this crop. There are kinds that are suitable for frying, for the preparation of mashed potatoes and chips. There are large varieties, such as potatoes Impala, Giant and others. According to the maturity period, early, medium, middle, and late are distinguished.

Selection and calibration

Once the harvest is harvested, care should be taken to select the best quality tubers for the seeds. They need to be sorted by weight, size. For planting, you need to choose tubers, the size of which does not exceed the size of the chicken egg. Try to avoid specimens that are infected with pests, have signs of disease or are injured during digging. Thus, it is necessary to select potatoes for planting, devoid of any defects. Otherwise it will not be stored. Before planting, the tubers need another careful revision. At the same time, those who have signs of frostbite, are spoiled by pests are rejected, suffocated during storage, are affected by rot, ugly. Only healthy tubers can provide an increase in yield to thirty-six percent and shorten the period from planting to digging potatoes for ten to fourteen days.

The room

To store potatoes after harvesting it is necessary to prepare a dry and cool place. The temperature should not be maintained above 4 degrees. Preliminarily it can be treated with chemical preparations that prevent the development of mold, bacteria. As a rule, the planting material is collected in wooden boxes and installed in cellars, making them in stacks. The room is equipped with fluorescent lamps.

Conditions for germination of tubers

Experienced gardeners, truck farmers or farmers who cultivate this crop can tell how to properly grow potatoes. First of all, after a long storage in a cool place, the seed material must be transferred to another room, where there is scattered sunlight and a temperature higher. If you do not have wooden boxes for storage, you can replace them with another container. For example, with polyethylene bags. They necessarily need to make holes with a diameter of 1.2-1.5 cm for breathing tubers. Each bag should have from four to five kilograms of potatoes. This method is suitable for tubers, which have not yet sprouted sprouts. They appear after 25-30 days. Before growing potatoes for planting, tubers should "wake up". Suitable shoots that have reached 2-3 centimeters. If on one tuber develop both strong and weak shoots, then threadlike sprouts are better to remove or completely reject such a tuber. He will not provide a high harvest. To make the potatoes grow faster, they can create a shock temperature. It can be from 18 to 20 degrees Celsius. In the rest of the period, it is reduced to 10-14 degrees. If the germination takes place in conditions close to home, then the room temperature regime will help tighten the process of appearance of the shoots. They will arise only after 35-40 days.

Cutting tubers

It is recommended that the potatoes be cut into pieces before planting. This is most often used for large tubers. If the potato by weight from 160 to 200 grams, then it is enough to cut it into four parts. On each of the pieces (weighing 40 grams), there must necessarily be one or two eyes. This operation can be carried out a week before planting or for a month and a half. During cutting, the knife must be sterilized in a solution of lysol or in ashes. A protective film forms on the cut site. This approach helps to solve several problems at once. The mother tuber, serving for the development of a new plant, decays faster, more stems appear, the yield is greater as a result.

Landscaping

The action on the tubers with light is the most effective way to grow potatoes for planting and ensure a high yield in the future. Seed material is poured into one layer in boxes and put on the street, under a canopy. From above they need to be covered with a film that will ensure the preservation of moisture and heat. So they are kept for two weeks. Under the influence of scattered rays of the sun, many shoots appear, which reach from three to five millimeters. In the tubers begins to accumulate chlorophyll, they turn green. This process helps to strengthen the root system and development of foliage of the future plant. Sprouts appear with a lot of small leaves and are strongly rooted. They do not break off when they land.

Treatment of tubers with drugs

Since the germination of potatoes before planting is necessary to increase the yield, do not overlook the process of processing planting material with special fertilizers and compounds. Very effective is the method of soaking tubers in a solution of superphosphate and ammonium nitrate. They take four kilograms per hundred liters of water, mix. Then the tubers are dropped into the resulting solution and left for three hours. Such treatment promotes the appearance of sprouts, early plant development, the formation of powerful bushes and increased yield. Before planting the tubers are soaked for one hour. Seed material, which is germinated in the light, sprayed with the same solution for 1-2 days before disembarkation. After that, it is recommended to cover it with a film. If the boxes stand in the open, it can be black to protect from the sun. Apply and the preparation of PP "Phytop-Flora-S". To understand how to grow potatoes with its help is quite simple. Before landing on the site, you need to dig a hole. In it, lay the film and scatter the potatoes. Then it should be sprayed with fertilizer, cover with film and leave for an hour and a half. This treatment helps to strengthen the immune system of tubers. It is possible to increase the time of soaking the seed material before the appearance of sprouts.

Sprouting in sawdust

Another effective way to grow potatoes for planting is to use wet sawdust. They can be replaced with peat, humus or chopped moss. Wet substrate is poured into wooden boxes. Its thickness should not be more than five centimeters. On top of it lay the seed material. Tubers at the same time are close to each other, with the eyes pointing up. Then the potatoes are covered with another layer of substrate. In the end, you need to make mineral fertilizers. To prepare the solution, you need ten liters of water, 60 grams of superphosphate, 20 grams of potassium chloride, 30 grams of ammonium nitrate. This method allows germinating tubers within 15-20 days. The temperature of + 15 to +20 ° C must be maintained in the room where the seed is stored. Two weeks later, a good root system will develop. Here is another effective method of how to germinate potatoes for planting: on tubers it is recommended to make incisions. They will stimulate the appearance of germs. They are carried out in two ways. The incision is made either across the tuber, while leaving a small jumper of 1 centimeter, or along the ring to a depth of 1.5 centimeters. This method allows you to redistribute useful substances that come to the eye. The result of such an operation will be the emergence of a large number of germs. And they are distributed on the tuber evenly.