How to connect the wires correctly. How to connect the wires in the junction box

Modern life can not be imagined without electrical appliances: a TV set, a computer, a food processor, a washing machine, an iron, an ironing set, a heater, a fireplace, a coffee grinder, a kettle, a refrigerator, etc. Well, one can not imagine our life without electric lamps Help us live comfortably in the evening, morning and night.

Entering the house in the dark, our hand first reaches for the switch. We vaguely imagine how people used to live without electricity. But in order to use electricity in our apartments, houses, garages, offices, it is necessary to supply this electricity.

Electric installation

Electricity is supplied to consumers by wire. It is important to know how to connect the wires for this purpose to the apartment. Electrical wiring in the apartments and houses is done on the basis of what and where will be placed in the apartment, where necessary will be lamps, lamps, floor lamps and all sorts of electrical appliances.

In order to install sockets and switches, so life is without trouble, electrical installation must be done correctly. The most common damage in the passage of current through the wires is usually a break in the circuit. This trouble manifests itself, as a rule, in the places of connection of wires (in twists, terminals, clamps). With such a breakdown, the consequences can be deplorable. Consider how to connect the wires correctly. There are some peculiarities here. Failure to follow certain rules can lead to malfunctions in the power supply system and even to a fire.

How to connect copper wires

Copper wires allow connection by any means - twisting, soldering, screw, terminal blocks, etc. Switching from aluminum to copper leads improves the quality of connections. Since 2001, the risers are prescribed to be performed only with copper wires and pass to the same conductors everywhere. Aluminum wires are allowed to be used by consumers with a known, constant, guaranteed capacity. To sockets that provide the work of household appliances, where the load is constantly changing, only copper cables and wires are used. In the construction of outdoor wirings (underground cables, air lines, etc.), according to existing norms, aluminum is used. Today, very many houses are equipped with aluminum wiring, and no one is going to remodel it for copper. But during the repair, for example, changes in the location of the sockets occur in the apartments. Here it is necessary to remember that contact of these two materials is inadmissible.

Split clamps

Tap-offs are used for the branch from the entire wire. Electricians are affectionately called "nuts" because of the similarity to the walnut shell.

They are arranged as follows: they are two steel plates, in which there are grooves under the conductors and they are clamped with four screws, and between them there is a flat plate separating the copper and aluminum wires. Such models can be used for both home and street work. Basically used for tapping into apartments from an aluminum riser.

Connect the two wires - how?

The simplest thing is twisting the wires, they are fixed with soldering, but this is long. It is easier to use the terminal strip, where the twist is inserted and tightened with one or two screws. In this case, it is important to press the plate flat to prevent cutting the cores. When there is no such plate, it is necessary to steal or put a thin-walled tip on twist - this prevents the wires from breaking at the terminal. The soldering is carried out mainly on soft multi-wire veins, and this leads to mechanical influences, wire dislocation and breakage at the end of the tinned section.

We leave from simple twisting

Anyone who wants to do something themselves with electrical wiring: hang a chandelier, install a socket, switch, asks himself how to connect the wires? Previously, just twisted two wires (and more) and isolated, but it is often unsafe and clumsy.

The situation changes every year for the better. When connecting rigid single-wire cores, they are fixed with caps, soldering, spring terminals, welding, screw terminals. In mass construction, the joints were previously fixed with plastic caps. Now they are widely used and available to all. Inside the caps there is a special gel that prevents oxidation, or a conical spring, screwed onto twisted connections, both in the thread. Spring caps are used for a certain number of wires: two for 4 square meters. Mm or four of 1.5 square meters. Mm and not more.

Now a newer three-wire circuit is used, and it is more secure than a two-wire one. The new embedded circuit is when the current does not flow through the protective conductor in the operating mode, and consequently the connections made do not experience any loads.

Nowadays, flexible, multicore PVS ("P" - wire, "B" - insulation and sheath of PVC-plastic (vinyl), "C" -connecting) is preferred for electrical installation works, which is manufactured in accordance with GOST 7399-97. It is intended for connection of electric devices, machines of household and similar purpose to electric networks of nominal alternating voltage up to 380 V and for systems 380/660 V).

Isolation of connections

How to connect two wires, ensuring tightness? For this purpose, there is an insulation tape. According to the PUE, tape insulation should be performed with at least three layers of it, both cotton and vinyl.

Cotton tape is more heat-resistant. It withstands 70-80 degrees, vinyl is less stable and flows at 50-60. But over time, cotton material loses its water-repellent properties and begins to absorb water. In this regard, for greater tightness and heat resistance, the inner layer of insulation is made of fabric, and the outer one is made of vinyl.

Connection by spring terminals

How to connect copper wires to aluminum? For home use, very good spring terminals. The stripped wire is inserted into the hole and there it is fixed by a spring. Such devices are for soft and hard wires. In this device, connect the copper and aluminum wires simply because they do not contact each other, and this eliminates electrocorrosion. Moreover, the inside of the gel eats the oxide film on the aluminum. You can connect wires of different diameters and only the amount by which the terminals are calculated. When connecting more than two wires (maybe of different cross-sections), not only spring terminals, but also conventional terminal blocks, are suitable .

Connections with terminal blocks

Professional electricians often use terminal blocks. They have many isolated sockets with screws (usually two each). Under one in the nest leads the wire, and another presses the comb, which connects all the nests of the shoe to each other. The required number of cells is cut with a knife or a hacksaw.

Very comfortable pads for one clamp. Two wires inserted into the hole are fixed with a screw. There are terminal blocks, which with a screw tighten just two wires, placed in parallel.

Another very convenient option involves fixing the wires not with a screw, but with a special lever. The terminal blocks are made in such a way that they do not need additional insulation. Touch the current-carrying parts they can not. The degree of protection is high and equal to IP20. Another protection boundary is the plastic housing of the junction box.

Connection of wires by terminal blocks

To connect several conductors (as many as you please) it is easier to work with the terminal board. This is a copper plate with holes and screw clamps. Such designs can be mounted in switch cabinets for several pieces. With this design it is very easy to connect the wires in the junction box. Especially this design is good for rigid conductors. But the terminal blocks must be fixed firmly in the junction box, so that they do not touch each other.

How to connect wires in mixed installation, when they are hidden in the stunt walls and behind the structures of plasterboard with built-in lights? A flexible wire is used for such light sources. In this case, the quality of the connection of flexible wires should be treated particularly carefully.

Variants of junction boxes

Raspayka, disconnection is a connection of wires in order to distribute currents of currents. Twisting of wires with their further soldering, welding or without it is a wiring. Connecting wires or wires to the terminals or connectors is a disconnection.

By way of installation, the distribution boxes are divided into the following types: for a hidden and open installation. Accordingly, some are used for the concealed, and the second - for open electrical wiring. You can use boxes for open wiring for walling in when doing concealed wiring. But the box for concealed wiring can not be used for outdoor wiring .

Metal boxes must be grounded. These boxes are used only when laying electrical cables in metal pipes, for example, in wooden houses.

Wiring in the box

For the convenience of monitoring connections, they are carried out in junction boxes. Any master knows how to connect the wires in the box. Typically, terminal blocks are located inside the terminal box. Models of boxes are available with a different number of input and output holes. In accordance with the number of wires and their cross-section, the size of the box is selected. Above the text, there are recommendations for choosing the method of connecting the wires. All of them are equal in rights, have their shortcomings and dignities.

For example, a method such as soldering takes too much time to connect even two wires. Instant connections provide spring terminals. They are good for everyone: they are compact, reliable, but they are intended only for single-wire veins (there are also models for multiwire, but serve to connect one rigid wire with one flexible wire) and for a strictly defined number (do not make another branch when all the seats are occupied ).

Wires in the box are connected according to their purpose: phase, common and ground. For installation use a three-core or two-wire cable, in which the wires are marked with different color of insulation. As a rule, the binding of the wire assignment to their color is observed: the phase is white, the general is blue (blue), the ground is yellow-green. In any case, how to connect 2 wires (in color), the master decides in a particular situation. The main thing is that he is well versed in the matter.

How to connect aluminum wires

It is necessary to know that aluminum is not only fragile and can break after several bends, but also softening from the slight heating of the contacts when the current flows, flows out from under the screw. In this case, the clamping is significantly weakened, and the temperature rises even more.

The ideal rule for the installer: today they collected, tomorrow they pulled up, and in a week - again. In the future, another check with a suspender is arranged every six months. This is the answer to the question of how to connect aluminum wires. But it is desirable to monitor the screw connections and copper wires at least every two years. Connect the wires in the junction box so that they are available for repair or inspection. These rules exist to avoid people from being electrocuted, to exclude the possibility of a fire. Their violations increase the likelihood of accidents, which can lead to death.

Headphone problem

How to connect the headphone wires if they are torn? How to properly solve the problem, so that it was neat and quality is not compromised? Here the wiring is very thin. Twist them simply with each other - the quality of perceived sound will be disrupted. Solder? But for this you need to get rid of the lacquer, which covered the wiring. It is necessary to remove it, but the wiring is very thin and it is not easy to clean it with a knife - they tear.

So, which wire connection method do you choose? "Pros" and "cons" are in each of the ways. Each of the masters knows how to properly connect the wires, and does so, as it is more convenient, more familiar and easier. Problems will not be if the work is done in a high-quality and conscientious manner. It is not for nothing that the safety of the electrical wiring in the house is considered to depend on the decision how to connect the wires correctly. Therefore, to think through all the options and repeat again will be superfluous.

So, how to connect the wires? We take the emery paper of four hundred, we drip rosin on it, we put on the rosin one wire and with a soldering iron with solder we begin to carefully remove the varnish from the wiring. Two or three times having spent, we will see that he was removed and the post was irradiated. Then we do everything the same with the other postings. All the ends of the wiring are prepared, they can be soldered, connecting each other in color.