Histology of the kidneys

Histology is one of the most effective examinations to date, which helps to detect all dangerous cells and malignant tumors in a timely manner. With the help of a histological examination, all tissues and internal organs of a person can be studied in detail. The main advantage of this method is that with its help you can get the most accurate result. In order to study the structure of the kidney, histology is also one of the most effective examinations.

What is histology?

To date, modern medicine offers a wide range of different surveys, with which you can establish a diagnosis. But the problem is that many types of research have their percentage error in determining the exact diagnosis. And in this case, histology as the most accurate method of investigation comes to the rescue.

Histology is the study of human tissue material under a microscope. Due to this method, the expert identifies all pathogenic cells or neoplasms that are present in a person. It is worth noting that this method of study is the most effective and accurate at the moment. The histology of the kidney tumor is one of the most effective diagnostic methods.

Method of sampling material for histology

As described above, histology is the study of a sample of human material under a microscope.

To study the tissue material by the histological method, the following manipulations are carried out.

When the kidney (histology) is examined, the drug must be indicated under a certain number.

The test material is immersed in a liquid that increases the density of the sample. The next step is the paraffin filling of the sample and its cooling until a solid state is obtained. In this form, it is much easier for a specialist to make the finest sample cut for detailed investigation. Then, when the process of cutting thin plates is completed, all the resulting samples are stained with a certain pigment. And in this form, the tissue is sent to a detailed study under a microscope. When studying on a special form, the following is indicated: "kidney, histology, preparation No. ..." (assigned a certain number).

In general, the process of preparing a sample for carrying out histology requires not only increased attention, but also high professionalism from all laboratory specialists. It is worth noting that carrying out such research requires a week's time.

In some cases, when the situation is urgent and an urgent histology of the kidney is required , laboratory technicians can resort to an express test. In this case, the collected material is pre-frozen before the sample is cut. The downside of such manipulation is that the results obtained will be less accurate. An express test is only suitable for detecting tumor cells. In this case, the number and stages of the disease should be studied separately.

Methods of sampling analysis for histology

If the blood supply to the kidney is compromised, histology is also the most effective method of investigation. There are several ways to carry out this manipulation. In this case, everything depends on the preliminary diagnosis that was made to the person. It is important to understand that tissue sampling for histology is a very important procedure that helps to get the most accurate response.

How is the kidney cut (histology) performed?

The needle is inserted through the skin under the strict control of the instruments. Open method - the kidney material is taken during the operative intervention. For example, during removal of a tumor or when a person has only one kidney. Urethroscopy - this method is used for children or pregnant women. The sampling of material with urethroscopy is indicated in cases where stones are present in the renal pelvis.

Trans jugular technique is used in cases when a person suffers from blood clotting disorders, with excessive weight, with respiratory failure or with birth defects of the kidneys (kidney cyst). Histology is produced in various ways. Each case is considered by a specialist individually, according to the peculiarities of the human body. More detailed information about carrying out such manipulation can be given only by a qualified doctor. It should be noted that you should only apply to experienced doctors, do not forget the fact that this manipulation is quite dangerous. A doctor without experience can do a lot of harm.

How is the procedure for collecting material for kidney histology performed?

Such procedure, as a kidney histology, is conducted by a specialist in a certain room or in the operating room. In general, this manipulation takes about half an hour under local anesthesia. But in some cases, if there is a doctor's testimony, general anesthesia is not applied, he can be replaced by sedatives, in which the patient can follow all the doctor's instructions.

What exactly do they do?

The histology of the kidney is as follows. The person is placed on the hospital couch face down, with a special roll under the stomach. If the kidney was previously transplanted to the patient, then the person should lie on his back. When carrying out histology, the specialist monitors the pulse and pressure of the patient throughout the entire procedure. The doctor who conducts this procedure, processes the place where the needle is planned to be injected, then injects anesthesia. It should be noted that in general, when carrying out such manipulation, painful sensations are minimized. As a rule, the manifestation of pain in many respects depends on the general condition of a person, as well as on how correctly and professionally the histology of the kidneys has been performed. Since virtually all possible risks of complications are related only to the professionalism of the doctor.

In the area of the placement of the kidneys, a small incision is made, then the specialist inserts a thin needle into the resulting hole. It is worth noting that this procedure is safe, because the whole process is controlled by ultrasound. When entering the needle, the doctor asks the patient to hold his breath for 40 seconds if the patient is not under local anesthesia.

When the needle penetrates the skin to the kidney, a person may experience a feeling of pressure. And when a tissue sample is directly taken, a person can hear a small click. The thing is that this procedure is performed by a spring method, so these sensations should not frighten a person.

It is worth noting that in some cases a certain substance can be introduced into the vein of the patient, which will show all the important blood vessels and the kidney itself.

Histology of the kidneys in rare cases can be carried out in two or even three punctures, if the sampled sample is not enough. Well, when the tissue material is taken in the required quantity, the doctor takes out the needle, and the bandage is applied to the place where the manipulation was performed.

When can kidney histology be prescribed?

To study the structure of the human kidney, histology fits as well as possible. Relatively few people think that holding a histology is much more accurate than other methods of diagnosis. But there are several cases where conducting a histology of the kidneys is an obligatory procedure that can save a person's life, namely:

- if acute or chronic defects of unknown origin are detected;

- with complicated infectious diseases of the urinary tract;

- when blood is detected in the urine;

- with increased uric acid;

- to clarify the defective condition of the kidneys;

- with unstable kidney function, which was previously transplanted;

- to establish the severity of the disease or damage;

- if there is a suspicion of a cyst in the kidney;

- Histology is mandatory if there is a suspected malignant neoplasm in the kidney (kidney cancer).

It is important to understand that histology is the most reliable way to identify all pathologies of the kidneys. With the help of tissue samples, you can establish an accurate diagnosis and identify the severity of the disease. Thanks to this method, the specialist will be able to select the most effective treatment and prevent all possible complications. Especially it concerns those cases when the primary results point to the emerging neoplasms in this organ.

What complications can there be in taking a material for a study?

What it is necessary to know if the kidney tumor histology is to be performed? First of all, each person should take into account that in some cases complications can develop. The most important risk is damage to the kidney or other organ. However, there are still some risks, namely:

- Possible bleeding. In this case, urgent blood transfusion is necessary. In rare cases, surgery will be required with further removal of the injured organ.

- It is possible to break the lower pole of the kidney.

- In some cases purulent inflammation of the fatty membrane around the organ itself.

- Bleeding from the muscle.

- If pneumonia occurs, pneumothorax may develop.

Infection of an infectious nature.

It is worth noting that these complications are extremely rare. As a rule, the only negative symptom is a slight increase in temperature after a biopsy. In any case, if there is a need for such a procedure, it is better to contact a qualified specialist who has enough experience in carrying out such manipulation.

How is the postoperative period?

People who need to undergo this manipulation, you should know a few simple rules for the postoperative period. Follow the doctor's recommendations exactly.

What should the patient know and perform after the procedure of histology?

After this manipulation from bed is not recommended to get up for six hours. The specialist who conducted this procedure should monitor the pulse and pressure of the patient. In addition, it is necessary to check the urine of a person for detecting blood in it. In the postoperative period, the patient must drink a large amount of liquid. For two days after this manipulation the patient is strictly forbidden to perform any physical exercises. Moreover, physical exertion should be avoided for 2 weeks. When there is a weakening of anesthesia, a person who has undergone such a procedure will show pain, it can be healed with a light anesthetic. As a rule, if a person had no complications, then he can be allowed to return home on the same or the next day.

It is worth noting that a small amount of blood in the urine can be present throughout the day after a biopsy. In this there is nothing terrible, so a bloody admixture should not frighten a person. It is important to understand that there is no alternative to the histology of the kidneys. Any other method of diagnosis does not provide such accurate and detailed data.

In what cases is it not recommended to take material for histological examination?

Contraindications for the sampling of the material for the study are several, namely:

- if a person has only one kidney;

- if there is a clotting disorder;

- if a person has an allergy to novocaine;

- if a tumor was found in the kidney;

- with thrombosis of the renal veins;

- with kidney tuberculosis ;

- with renal insufficiency.

If a person suffers at least one of the aforementioned ailments, then the collection of material for histological examination from the kidney is strictly prohibited. Because this method has certain risks of development of serious complications.

Conclusion

Modern medicine does not stand still, it is constantly evolving and gives people new discoveries that help to save human life. Such discoveries include histological examination, it is the most effective for today to identify many diseases, including cancerous tumors.