Clinical analysis of urine. Norm in children

Diagnosis of diseases in children, especially very young, as a rule, is very difficult. The child is often unable to explain what it hurts and what unpleasant sensations are caused by those or other actions of the doctor. In this regard, the diagnosis is mainly made, based on their external signs: skin conditions, temperature, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea and so on. However, many illnesses appear to be quite similar. To help doctors come diagnostics with the help of tests, and the most popular among them is the urine test.

In which cases is this study necessary?

Its popularity is caused by the fact that the collection of urine is simple enough and does not cause any special difficulties for the child, while a clinical blood test requires fencing using a syringe, which children are especially afraid of. At present, special containers have appeared on the market, making it possible to collect material without problems, even among infants. At the same time, urine analysis indicators allow us to judge not only inflammatory processes in the body, but also to reveal hereditary diseases. It is planned to carry out this study in a month, six months and a year. Then - every six months. Unplanned it is carried out at the doctor's prescription for the purpose of diagnosis in case of suspected infections of the genitourinary system, other infections, with prolonged fever. In the case of prescribing antibiotics for a child, it is possible to surrender the material several times over two to three days, in order to identify the reaction of the body to drugs and their effects.

Analysis of urine. Norm in children - appearance

What is carried out first of all? Evaluation of physical properties is the first stage of a study such as urinalysis. The norm in children: straw-yellow in children and more amber in older children. Intensive coloration may indicate the presence of pyelonephritis. The amount of urine is also an important indicator.

For newborns, the norm is 5-10 milliliters, for children of seven years - 150-200 ml. A smaller amount can be a consequence of renal failure, high fever, vomiting, diarrhea.

Analysis of urine. Norm in children - indicators and transcript

The following is assessed:

• Erythrocytes - no more than 3 cells in boys, 5 in girls;
• Leukocytes - no more than 7 cells in the field of vision in girls, 5 in boys;
• Epithelium - no more than 2 cells.

If the urine contains an increased number of white blood cells, then this indicates the inflammation of the kidneys or urinary tract. As a rule, it is accompanied by frequent urination, fever. The protein should not be present, however, small impregnations of up to 0.033 grams / liter are completely permissible. The chemical reaction is another indicator that determines the analysis of urine. The norm in children is an acidic environment. Alkaline reaction is a consequence of inflammatory processes. Increased acidity is observed in diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis of the bladder or kidney.

However, it is worth noting that the deciphering of urinalysis should be entrusted to the doctor. Do not engage in self-treatment of the child, having on hand the interpretation of his results, since any deviations from the norm should be considered only in conjunction with other signs, according to which the doctor diagnoses a disease.