Guidance on the management of industrial waste: an example. Development of instructions for handling waste products

The instruction on the treatment of industrial waste in trade, a sample of which will be presented later in the article, is drawn up on the basis of legislation in force in the field of nature protection, as well as the requirements of normative and methodological documents on the protection of lands from pollution. The document is compiled by the enterprise independently. Consider the following example of instructions for handling waste products.

General requirements

A typical instruction for the management of industrial wastes establishes that methods of storage, collection, transportation of waste material must exclude the possibility of pollution of nature, the land of settlements. When choosing methods, the safety of personnel involved in cleaning and neutralizing activities should be ensured. Heads of workshops and units are obliged:

1. Waste spent materials and equipment, organize parking of technical means exclusively in the places designated for this purpose.
2. Keep records of waste generation, disposal and storage.
3. Timely report on the amount of waste material, as well as used again. The documentation must be submitted before the 1st day of the first month of each quarter.
4. To carry out ecological instruction for the personnel of the workshops and subdivisions not less than 1 rub./year.

Prohibitions

Instruction for the management of industrial waste in trade does not allow:

1. Dump uncleared and untreated effluents into the terrain, into waterways and reservoirs, including public use, aquifers located under the ground.
2. Burn spent materials in containers, ground pits and other places that are not equipped with special devices with a gas cleaning system.
3. To place / store household, industrial garbage and other objects - sources of air pollution with harmful foul-smelling and gaseous substances, dust. It is also not allowed to incinerate it on the territory of enterprises, institutions, or on the ground, except when this procedure is carried out with the use of special facilities and in compliance with the established requirements.
4. Use chemical reagents with unexplained sanitary-toxicological properties.
5. To carry out burial of especially toxic and potentially harmful substances.

Instructions for the management of production and consumption wastes: a sample (RF)

The normative document establishes the order in accordance with which the control over the formation, use, transportation, storage and utilization of the used equipment and materials is carried out. A sample of the instruction for the management of industrial waste determines that surveillance is carried out to identify cases of non-compliance with sanitary-epidemiological, environmental, technical rules and norms. The head of the enterprise appoints an employee responsible for accounting, collecting, placing, using, neutralizing, dumping, transportation of waste materials. The relevant data are recorded in a special journal. The order on the enterprise or the order on the shop / division is assigned to the employee responsible for its management.

Checks

The instruction on the management of production waste establishes the obligation to conduct audits at least 1 rub. / Month. During these tests:

1. Serviceability of packaging intended for the collection of used raw materials.
2. The state of the sites on which waste is temporarily placed.
3. Correspondence of the accumulated amount of garbage to the set parameters. This check is performed visually.
4. Periodicity of garbage disposal from the territory.
5. Implementation of safety and environmental standards in the process of loading / unloading and transporting materials.

Responsible persons

The instruction on the waste management of the production of the organization prescribes in all divisions to keep records of the origin, neutralization, storage of the waste materials handed over / accepted by third parties. For this purpose, responsible persons are appointed. Each such employee must have a scheme of the territory with areas of temporary debris allocation marked on it. In this case, the type of waste, the number of containers, the name of the waste are indicated. Responsible for the place of accumulation of the person. In all divisions there should be special magazines. They are filled in during the formation, transfer or destruction of waste. Corresponding volumes should be confirmed by the document. This can be a waybill or an act. The log of accounting for the movement of waste material acts as the primary document. Based on the information present in it, subsequent reports are generated.

Transport rules

What rules for transportation of waste materials should provide instructions for the management of production and consumption? The sample document contains the following provisions:

1. Transportation should be carried out in ways that exclude the possibility of loss of materials, emergency situations, damage to nature, economic and other objects, harm to the health of the population.
2. Transportation is carried out only on specially equipped vehicles with appropriate clearance.

Transportation is allowed:

1. If there is a passport for hazardous waste.
2. Compliance with safety rules.
3. The availability of accompanying documentation. It should indicate the volume of transported objects, the purpose of transportation and the place of delivery.

The instruction for the management of production and consumption waste prescribes compliance with sanitary norms when carrying out activities for loading / unloading materials. Delivery to special landfills can be carried out by the company's own transport.

Equipment of the vehicle

The instruction for the management of industrial wastes establishes that the activities related to unloading / loading should be mechanized. In this case, the vehicle must be equipped with special devices that provide not only safety, but also convenience in carrying out work. In particular, when transporting pulverized and solid waste, the vehicle must be equipped with an independent device or container with gripping devices. The set of each vehicle used for transportation of materials includes:

1. A set of tools for repair.
2. Fire extinguisher.

The vehicle is also equipped with special information signs. Transportation of liquid wastes is carried out by vehicles equipped with hose devices for draining. Removal of fluorescent lamps is carried out in separate boxes. Transportation of flammable and flammable liquids is carried out in unbreakable, tightly closed containers, which excludes accumulation of static electricity and sparking.

An Important Moment

In the process of transportation, the presence of outsiders, except the driver, is not allowed in the vehicle. To transport management, persons who have at least 3 years experience, certification of the appropriate category, who have passed medical supervision, instruction and preparation are allowed. Citizens who are at least 18 years of age are allowed to work on transportation, storage, collection of waste. All personnel involved in the implementation of these works, should know the toxic and explosive properties of materials, harmful factors, as well as methods of providing first aid.

Storage

The instruction for the management of hazardous waste products establishes the following rules:

1. In the collection areas it is allowed to contain the waste materials in a volume not exceeding the established norms. It is forbidden to store waste near sources of sparking, heating devices.
2. When content of several materials of different types is necessary to take into account their compatibility.
3. It is forbidden to clutter the collection areas and approaches / entrances to them.
4. It is not allowed to contain foreign objects in places of storage, as well as personal and work clothes, PPE, to eat.

After finishing work with the waste, you should thoroughly wash your hands with warm running water and soap. When signs of poisoning appear, it is necessary to stop the activity, notify the site manager and contact the medical center. Fire extinguishers should be present in places where fire hazardous materials are stored. Do not block the approaches to fire fighting equipment. It is forbidden to smoke and use open fire sources in waste collection and storage areas.

The rules for collecting

The instruction for the management of production waste establishes the rules for personnel in contact with friction materials:

1. Collection of lamps containing mercury is carried out at the place of their storage separately from ordinary materials and strictly separately, observing the sanitary rules.
2. Fluorescent lamps in the collection process are divided according to the diameter and length, are released from the packages and installed in transport containers vertically and tightly. The resulting voids must be filled with soft material. It is allowed to install lamps with a length of at least 600 mm in 2 rows.

Given the likelihood of depressurization or breaking glass bulbs, the following requirements must be observed:

1. A supply and exhaust ventilation system must be installed in the storage room for used mercury-containing lamps.
2. To prevent spreading of mercury during work, use viniplast or enameled pallets.
3. The room for storing the lamps should be isolated from household lamps.
4. To eliminate a possible accident, you must have a stock of hydrochloric acid or potassium permanganate, as well as a capacity of at least 10 liters to prepare a solution for washing the places where the lamps are broken.

Elimination of accidents

The instruction for the management of industrial waste contains a section that establishes the rules for the behavior of personnel in the event of an emergency. Citizens who passed the appropriate instruction are allowed to take measures to eliminate accidents. Persons who are not involved in the specified works should be removed from the site. Instructions for the management of production waste in the event of an emergency require:

1. To neutralize spilled solvents and chemical solutions on the floor with dry sand or sawdust and wipe with a rag soaked in a suitable composition. After this place is thoroughly washed with water and soda or detergent. The specified works are carried out in means of individual defense (gas masks, gloves, respirators, etc.).
2. In case of ignition of waste, the extinguishing is carried out by foam.
3. When smashing mercury lamps during storage, they must be removed for disposal to a specialized enterprise. This operation is carried out within 24 hours. The storage container is treated with a 10% potassium permanganate solution or an acidified hydrochloric acid solution. The collection of fragments is carried out by brushing or scraping into a metal container with a closing lid. It should be filled with a solution of potassium permanganate. The breakdown site is neutralized and washed with water.
4. If the electrolyte is spilled from the battery, the place is covered with sawdust, then they are collected and removed from the room. The site is treated with a solution of soda (calcined), washed with water and wiped dry with a rag.
5. In accordance with environmental requirements for transport and road enterprises, places where lubrication works are carried out should be equipped with containers for collection of waste material (oils and filters). The plots are equipped so that the probability of contamination of surface waters and soils is excluded. In the event of an emergency (forcing oil to the ground, for example), the site is treated with lime. It should be taken at a rate of 1 kg per 1 kg of petroleum products.
6. Transfusion of varnishes and paints from one container to another is made on metal pallets. The height of their sides is not less than 50 mm. Paints and varnishes, as well as solvents spilled onto the floor, are removed immediately using sand or sawdust.

Additionally

In order to prevent the emergence of emergencies, an example of instructions for the management of industrial waste includes a section on the selection of materials for covering floors in rooms where personnel contact the waste raw materials. In particular, the following recommendations are provided:

1. The type of coating is chosen depending on the intensity of exposure of substances in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.03.13.
2. Materials for the floor should have resistance to chemical compounds and prevent their sorption.
3. Floors of industrial premises should be in good order. Do not operate the damaged coating with potholes and irregularities.

A responsibility

To persons who violate, do not perform or perform rules improperly established by the instruction, penal sanctions are applied. Responsibility can be toughened if, due to negligence or negligence, the health of citizens, the property of the enterprise or the environment is harmed. As a sanction may also be a suspension or restriction of the activities of the organization, the operation of individual units or installations. Appropriate decisions are made by authorized state bodies in accordance with the procedure established in the legislation.

Conclusion

Development of instructions for handling waste products is the responsibility of enterprise managers, whose activities are related to the storage, collection, disposal, transportation, disposal of waste materials. The document can be compiled by a special service, department for HSE and BOP. Development of instructions for handling waste products is carried out taking into account the specifics of the company's activities. If it interacts primarily with harmful chemicals, this should be reflected in the document. The instructions provide for mandatory rules for the behavior of personnel in emergency situations. In the relevant section, among other things, the procedure for using protective equipment is described. The provisions of the instructions should be communicated to all employees of the enterprise and are mandatory for implementation.