Great composers-classics: the list of the best. Russian Classical Composers

Classical composers are known all over the world. Every name of musical genius is a unique individuality in the history of culture.

What is classical music?

Classical music is a charming melody created by talented authors, who rightfully are called classical composers. Their works are unique and will always be in demand by performers and listeners. Classical, on the one hand, it is customary to call strict, profound music, not related to directions: rock, jazz, folk, variety, chanson, etc. On the other hand, in the historical development of music there is a period of the late 13th - early 20th century, called Classicism.

Classical themes are distinguished by sublime intonation, refinement, variety of shades and harmony. They have a positive effect on the emotional worldview of adults and children.

Stages of the development of classical music. Their brief description and key representatives

In the history of the development of classical music, we can distinguish the stages:

• The Renaissance or the Renaissance - the beginning of the 14th - the last quarter of the 16th century. In Spain and England, the Renaissance period lasted until the early 17th century.
• Baroque - came to replace the Renaissance and lasted until the early 18th century. The center of style was Spain.
• Classicism is a period of development of European culture from the beginning of 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century.
• Romanticism is the opposite of classicism. Lasted until the middle of the 19th century.
• The classic of the 20th century is the modern era.

Brief description and main representatives of cultural periods

1. Renaissance - a long period of development of all areas of culture. Composers of the Renaissance - Tomass Tallis, Giovanni da Palestine, TL de Victoria composed and left immortal creations to descendants.

2. Baroque - in this era there are new musical forms: polyphonies, operas. It was in this period that great composers-classics Bach, Handel and Vivaldi created their famous creations. Fugues Bach are built in accordance with the requirements of classicism: compulsory observance of canons.

3. Classicism. Viennese classics-composers, who created their immortal creations in the era of classicism: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven. A sonata form appears, the composition of the orchestra increases. The works of Mozart and Haydn differ from the heavy works of Bach by the simple construction and grace of melodies. It was still a classic, an aspiration for excellence. Beethoven's compositions are the borderline between romantic and classical styles. In the music of L. van Beethoven, there is more sensuality and ardor than a rational canon. Such important genres as symphony, sonata, suite, opera have emerged. Beethoven gave rise to the Romantic period.

4. Romanticism. Musical compositions are characterized by color, drama. Various song genres are being formed, for example, ballads. Received the recognition of the composition for piano Liszt and Chopin. Traditions of romanticism were inherited by Tchaikovsky, Wagner, Schubert.

5. Classics of the XX century - characterized by the desire of authors to innovate in melodies, there were terms: aleatory, atonalism. The works of Stravinsky, Rachmaninov, Glass are referred to the classical format.

Russian Classical Composers

Tchaikovsky P.I. - Russian composer, music critic, public figure, teacher, conductor. His works are the most executed. They are sincere, easily perceived, reflect the poetic identity of the Russian soul, picturesque pictures of Russian nature. The composer created 6 ballets, 10 operas, more than a hundred romances, 6 symphonies. The world-famous ballet Swan Lake, opera Eugene Onegin, Children's Album.

Rachmaninov S.V. - the works of the outstanding composer are emotional and cheerful, and some are dramatic in content. Their genres are diverse: from small plays to concerts and operas. The author's generally recognized works: opera The Miserly Knight, Aleko on Pushkin's poem The Gypsies, Francesca da Rimini, based on a plot borrowed from Dante's Divine Comedy, the poem The Bells; Suite "Symphonic Dances"; Piano concerts; Vocalise for voice to the accompaniment of the pianoforte.

Borodin A.P. Was a composer, teacher, chemist, doctor. The most significant creation is the opera "Prince Igor" based on the historical work "The Lay of Igor's Campaign", which was written by the author for almost 18 years. During his lifetime, Borodin did not have time to finish it, after his death the opera was completed by A. Glazunov and N. Rimsky-Korsakov. The great composer is the ancestor of classical quartets and symphonies in Russia. The "Bogatyrskaya" symphony is considered the crowning glory of the world and Russian national heroic symphony. Outstanding instrumental chamber, First and Second quartets are recognized. One of the first introduced into the romances hero figures from Old Russian literature.

Great musicians

Mussorgsky, MP, which can be said - is a great composer-realist, a bold innovator, touching on acute social problems, a great pianist and a wonderful vocalist. The most significant musical works are the operas "Boris Godunov" based on the dramatic work of A.S. Pushkin and Khovanshchina - a folk-musical drama, the main acting character of these operas is an insurgent people from different social strata; Creative cycle "Pictures at an Exhibition", inspired by the works of Hartmann.

Glinka M.I. - a famous Russian composer, the founder of the classical trend in Russian musical culture. He completed the procedure for creating a school of Russian composers, based on the value of folk and professional music. The works of the master are permeated with love for the Fatherland, reflect the world outlook of people of that historical epoch. The world-famous folk drama "Ivan Susanin" and opera-tale "Ruslan and Lyudmila" became new trends in the Russian opera. Symphonic works "Kamarinskaya" and "Spanish Overture" Glinka - the basis of Russian symphony.

Rimsky-Korsakov N.A. - a talented Russian composer, naval officer, teacher, publicist. In his work, two trends can be traced: the historical (Tsarskaya Bride, Pskovityanka) and the fairy tale (Sadko, Snegurochka, Suite Scheherazade). A distinctive feature of the composer's works is his originality based on classical values, homophony in the harmonious construction of early works. His compositions have author's style: original orchestral solutions with unusually constructed vocal scores, which are the main ones.

Russian classical composers tried to depict in their works a nation-specific cognitive thinking and folk folklore.

European culture

Famous composers-classics Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven lived in the capital of musical culture of that time - Vienna. Genius combines masterful performance, excellent compositional solutions, the use of different musical styles: from folk tunes to polyphonic development of musical themes. For the great classics are characterized by comprehensive creative mental activity, competence, clarity in the construction of musical forms. In their works, the intellect and emotions are organically linked together, tragic and comic components, ease and prudence.

Beethoven and Haydn gravitated toward instrumental compositions, Mozart masterfully managed both opera and orchestral works. Beethoven was an unsurpassed creator of heroic works, Haydn appreciated and successfully used humor, folk-genre types in his work, Mozart was a universal composer.

Mozart is the creator of the sonata instrumental form. Beethoven perfected it, brought to unrivaled heights. The period of the Viennese classics became a period of the quartet heyday. Haydn, followed by Beethoven and Mozart, make a significant contribution to the development of this genre.

Italian masters

Giuseppe Verdi - an outstanding musician of the 19th century, developed a traditional Italian opera. He had impeccable skill. The culmination of his composer activity was the opera works "Troubadour", "Traviata", "Othello", "Aida".

Niccolo Paganini - was born in Nice, one of the most musically gifted personalities of the 18-19th century. He masterfully mastered the violin. He composed caprices, sonatas, quartets for violin, guitar, viola and cello. He wrote concerts for violin and orchestra.

Gioakkino Rossini - created in the 19th century. The author of spiritual and chamber music, composed 39 operas. Outstanding works - "The Barber of Seville", "Othello", "Cinderella", "The Magpie", "Semiramis".

Antonio Vivaldi is one of the largest representatives of violin art of the 18th century. He gained fame thanks to his instrumental concerts. The most famous work is four violin concertes "The Seasons". He lived an amazingly fruitful creative life, composed 90 operas.

Famous Italian composers-classics left an eternal musical heritage. Their cantatas, sonatas, serenades, symphonies, operas will be enjoyed by more than one generation.

Features of perception of music by the child

Listening to good music positively influences the psychoemotional development of a child, according to children's psychologists. Good music accustoms to art and forms an aesthetic taste, as teachers think.

Many well-known creations were created by classics composers to children, taking into account their psychology, perception and specificity of age, i.e. for listening, and others composed for performers different plays easily audible and technically accessible to them.

"Children's Album" by Tchaikovsky P.I. For young pianists. This is a dedication album to Davydov's nephew VL, who loved music and was a very gifted child. In the collection of more than 20 plays, some of them are created on the basis of folklore material: Neapolitan motifs, Russian dance, Tyrolean and French melodies. Collection of "Children's songs" by Tchaikovsky P.I. Is designed for hearing perception by a children's audience. Songs of an optimistic attitude about spring, birds, blossoming garden ("My garden"), about compassion for Christ and God ("Christ had a baby garden").

Children's classics

For children worked many composers, classics, the list of works of which is very diverse.

Prokofiev SS "Petya and the Wolf" is a symphonic fairy tale for children. Thanks to this fairy tale, children get acquainted with the musical instruments of the symphony orchestra. Prokofiev wrote the text of the tale.

Shuman R. "Children's scenes" - this is a small musical stories with a simple plot, written for adult performers, memories of childhood.

Cycle for piano Debussy "Children's Corner".

Ravel M. "Mother Goose" based on the fairy tales of S. Perrault.

Bartok B. "The first steps for the piano."

Cycles for children Gavrilova S. "For the smallest"; "Heroes of fairy tales"; "The guys about the animals."

Shostakovich D. "Album of piano plays for children".

Bach IS "Notebook of Anna Magdalena Bach." Teaching his children music, he created for them special plays and exercises for the development of technical skills.

Haydn J. - the progenitor of the classical symphony. He created a special symphony called "Children's". Used instruments: clay nightingale, ratchet, cuckoo - give it an unusual sound, childish and fervent.

Saint-Saens K. invented a fantasy for the orchestra and two pianos called "Carnival of Animals", in which he skillfully handed over the cackling of chickens, the roar of a lion, the benignity of an elephant and his manner of movement, a touchingly elegant swan.

Composing compositions for kids and young people, great composers-classics Took care of interesting plot lines of the work, availability of the proposed material, taking into account the age of the performer or listener.