Grafting of ADSM to adults: contraindications, complications and reviews

It so happened that most adults and sufficiently educated people believe that the concept of "vaccination" can only apply to children. Incorrectly, vaccination in adulthood is just as relevant as in childhood.

ADSM - what is it?

The letters of ADSM are familiar to us from childhood. What does the ADSD vaccine mean? The decoding of the intended vaccine for adults and children is the same. The abbreviation "ADS" means "Anatoxin Diphtheria-Stobnyachny", the letter "M" means "small", that is, a vaccine with a reduced amount of antigens.

ADSM is a vaccine that is vaccinated against tetanus and diphtheria. Grafting of ADSM to adults is just as necessary as for children, it protects against tetanus and diphtheria. The vaccine consists of purified, adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. Purified toxoid is treated, that is, attenuated toxins of the causative agent, weakened just enough so as not to harm the human body and at the same time to retain the ability to stimulate the development of immunity.

The mechanism of action of ADSM

Vaccination of ADSM to adults in the body is injected with weakened tetanus and diphtheria toxins, which retained their immunogenic properties. Toxins cause, in response to their presence, the production of specific antibodies by the body. They will subsequently destroy the pathogens of diphtheria and tetanus.

Figuratively speaking, the vaccination is in some ways similar to an erased, abortive, form of an infectious disease that does not pose a threat to the life and health of the vaccine, but develops a strong protective mechanism for many years.

Indications for vaccination of ADSM

The ADMV vaccination for adults is introduced every ten years of life, namely ten years after the previous vaccination, no matter at what age they are at the time of vaccination, and so on until death.

If the vaccination regime was violated and the last inoculation was introduced more than 20 years ago, a person is vaccinated twice, that is, once again in an additional 40 days.

In the case when an adult is generally vaccinated for the first time in his life, the vaccine is administered three times. Reinstitution of ADAM with adults for primary vaccinated patients is administered 40 days after the first, and the third time the vaccine is given only one year after the second.

In addition, there is an emergency vaccination of ADSM. It is performed by traumatological patients in the presence of contaminated wounds, if the previous vaccination was carried out more than five years ago.

Elderly people especially need the revaccination of ADSM, as they have weakened immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. They should not neglect ADSM, referring to the presence of severe background diseases. In this case, the presence of chronic course is an absolute indication for revaccination.

Contraindications to vaccination of ADSM

There are conditions under which the ADS vaccination is not done. Contraindications in adults refer to unvaccinated patients with the presence of severe immunodeficiency diseases, allergy to the components of the drug, overreaction to previous vaccination. Vaccination of ADSM is postponed in women during pregnancy and lactation. Also, it is delayed for two weeks from the moment of recovery in patients with acute respiratory diseases.

The method of vaccination of ADSM

Anatomix ADSM looks like whitish suspension, it is separated when stored on clear liquid and flakes of sediment. Therefore, before opening, the ampoule with anatoxin should be vigorously shaken until the suspension is completely homogenized.

Often in the network, the debate on the topic, where the ADSM is vaccinated to adults, is inflaming. In disputes, sometimes notes of bewilderment are heard, why one was vaccinated under the scapula, and the other - into the buttock.

Anatomine ADSM can be administered intramuscularly and in the upper-external gluteal quadrant, and in the antero-external part of the middle third of the thigh, and under the scapula. A single dose of anatoxin is 0.5 ml.

Given the potential for the development of immediate hyperactive reactions, vaccines in the office are monitored for half an hour after the injection. The grafting rooms should be equipped with anti-shock medical equipment.

Instruction on vaccination

When carrying out the vaccination, the following rules are strictly observed.

Vaccination should be carried out with strictly sterile disposable syringes. Do not mix different vaccines. Simultaneously with ADSM, any vaccination can be given, except for BCG, but each of them is injected with different syringes into different areas of the body.

Before carrying out the vaccination, it is necessary to inspect the ampoule carefully in order to ascertain its suitability. The vaccine is not suitable for use in ampoules with visible signs of damage, erased by marking, with obvious changes in its contents. It is mandatory to check the shelf life of the drug, compliance with storage conditions.

The vaccination procedure is carried out in full compliance with aseptic and antiseptic requirements . The opened ampoule is fully used and can not be stored. Information on the serial number, date of manufacture and date of vaccination is entered in the logbook along with the passport data of the vaccine.

Side effects

How hard is the vaccination of ADAM to adults? Reviews on the net about the discomfort after the vaccination are completely ambiguous. Someone did not feel anything, someone had a runny nose, and someone had fever and felt very unwell, someone had a blush and a sore injection site, someone could not raise his hand because of pain. And in all cases, the cause was the vaccination of ADSM. Adverse effects in adults (they are called vaccine reactions) when vaccinated with ADSM are the norm. They do not indicate the onset of the disease, but about the development of immunity in humans. After a while, side effects go by themselves without consequences. After all, one of the least reactogenic among vaccine preparations is the vaccine ADSM.

Adverse effects in adults can manifest themselves as general and local reactions. They, depending on the individual state of the human body, are light and heavy.

In the first 48 hours there may be a brief rise in temperature and malaise, as well as pain, redness, swelling at the injection site. There may appear a condensation in the form of cones, but it's not scary. It will completely resolve itself within a few weeks. You need to know that this place can not be warmed, as this can cause suppuration. Very rarely there are severe allergic reactions.

For information, neither an easy, nor a serious reaction to an inoculation is not considered pathological, since they do not have persistent health effects. Of course, subjectively they are uncomfortable, but they pass without causing any violations afterwards.

Post-vaccination complications with ADSM

The ADMS complications to adults are very rare, but according to statistics, there are two cases for every 100,000 vaccines. Post-vaccination complications of ADSM include:

1. Severe allergic conditions, such as post-vaccination anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema, as well as generalized form of hives.

2. Post-vaccinal encephalitis.

3. Post-vaccination meningitis.

Alcohol and vaccination

Alcohol with the ADSM vaccine is completely incompatible. Before the day for which the ADS vaccine is prescribed, adult vaccines should refrain from drinking at least two days.

After vaccination, a sober lifestyle should be maintained for another three days. Only after this, some allowance is permissible, and the intake of weak alcoholic beverages in minimum doses is permitted. After a week from the date of vaccination, it is allowed to resume drinking in the usual way.

If you still took alcohol after vaccination, nothing will happen, but the severity of adverse reactions can greatly increase. Against the background of alcoholic intoxication, the temperature reaction may increase, the edema and pain at the injection site may increase, so one should refrain from strong drinks within a week after vaccination.

Adults need to be revaccinated with the ADSM vaccine. Tetanus and diphtheria are dangerous, they can end with death. Tetanus can not be treated even in modern conditions. Diphtheria is treated, but it gives dangerous complications. The ADSM vaccine is not reactogenic, well tolerated, and for the next 10 years will provide immunity.

Prior to the vaccination era, half of the patients with diphtheria died, 85% of patients died of tetanus infection. A number of countries, for example the United States, have attempted to abandon vaccination against pertussis, tetanus and diphtheria. This ended in an epidemic, and the vaccination was resumed under the state program.