Furnaces for a house made of brick by their own hands: designs, drawings, photos

The majority of brick furnaces used for home have a fundamentally the same design and manufacturing technology. Therefore, whatever type of oven for a brick house you choose, you must adhere to certain rules and requirements for its manufacture. This applies to the place of installation, and to the material used in the installation, but, most importantly, to the technology of laying the brick.

Choose the place where the stove will stand

First of all, it is necessary to determine the place under the stove. It should be installed in such a position that not only to heat the maximum possible area, it is necessary to comply with the safety rules.

Between the rafters and the chimney, a clearance of not less than 15 cm must be observed. In addition, the highly heated parts of the stove should also be removed from walls, ceiling and other fire-hazardous elements.

There are several basic schemes for small rooms, as it is possible to place different types of furnaces. Typically, a brick oven for a house, whose designs provide for a location in such a way as to heat as many rooms as possible, is placed at the junction of two or three rooms, one of which is a kitchen. The only exception is the oven-fireplace, which is usually installed in the largest room on the opposite wall to the entrance.

Safety requirements to the installation site

Due to the fact that a brick oven for a house is installed on a foundation specially for it, it is necessary to choose a place in such a way that you do not have to cut the ceiling and underground lags. A separate base, not connected with the foundation of the house, is required in almost all cases, even if the oven was designed with the house.

An exception can be made only for certain types of furnaces having a small structural weight. So, for example, a low and wide cooking oven made of bricks for a home, whose designs involve the use of a minimum amount of material, is only installed on thermal insulation.

If the floor is on the logs, it is good to reinforce the floor covering with additional jumpers before installing the oven. In the event that a monolithic foundation is laid under the house, it is not necessary to perform an additional base, it is enough to lay a litter and you can lay out a brick.

The pipe should be at least 1.5 m from the roof ridge and be 0.5 m higher.

When the place is determined, you can lay out the perimeter of the bricks on the floor for a better idea of how it will look in the future.

Foundation

Typically, a brick oven for a house, folded by hand, is used in wooden houses mounted on tape or basements. In this case, it is required to perform a high-grade ferro-concrete or, if it is planned to stove on the trenches, a tape back-filled foundation.

After the place on which there will be a furnace for a house made of bricks, it is determined, it is necessary to carry out the foundation. The reliability and uniformity of the masonry, as well as the appearance of the future furnace, depends on how well it is poured. Therefore, it is worthwhile to approach the pouring of the foundation with due attention.

The base is poured 5 cm wider on all sides than the future furnace, according to the common technology of foundation construction. If modern materials are used, for example, Isospan D, it is sufficient to lay two layers of waterproofing: on a sand cushion under the base and on top of the foundation itself. Another way to perform a waterproofing: sheets of asbestos 4-6 cm high are laid on top of the top layer of the roofing material. Then the roofing iron and, last layer, the felt, soaked in a very liquid masonry composition. After drying felt, you can lay bricks.

The basic rules for laying a brick kiln

If you want to fold the stove so that it lasts as long as possible, without requiring repair, and even more so shifting, it is necessary to comply with some requirements for the materials used and the technology of laying.

The brick oven for the house, built by itself, heats up all over the body quite unevenly. Especially high temperatures in the furnace area, which is caused by the use of different material for masonry. Firstly, it will allow to save considerably on raw materials, as for some parts of the furnace it is possible to use cheaper material. Secondly, the use of the clay-sand mixture throughout the body is unreasonable. Such a solution has the feature of strongly absorbing moisture, which leads to the destruction of the masonry in places that do not undergo heating and drying.

Requirements for brick laying

When choosing a brick, pay attention to its quality, which can be determined even visually. A good, high-quality brick is characterized by a pinkish tint and a clear ringing sound. It is not necessary to choose for laying the furnace for a house made of bricks (photo below), the orange-red material is unrefined raw materials, but the purple tint indicates a burned brick.

The first rows of the podopochnoy part are laid out of ordinary red brick with a solution based on cement.

The furnace and part of the convector in the places of maximum heating are made from a mixed masonry of ordinary stove and fireclay bricks. In this case, a clay-sand mortar is used.

Part of the furnace, which also heats up, but not more than 200 degrees, is carried out though with the use of ceramic bricks, but already on a cement mixture.

At the top of the chimney, where the temperature does not exceed 80 degrees, the usual red brick is again used.

Varieties of brick stoves

There are several basic types of furnaces:

• Heating, is designed exclusively for heating the room, so it occupies a minimum of useful area;
• Cooking, designed only for heating the cooker, such an oven can be used even in the summer, since it does not heat the surrounding air much;
• Heating and cooking, combining the characteristics of the two previous species. The most common option when manufacturing a brick oven for a house (photo below);
• Oven-fireplace, which uses not only for heating purposes, but also as a decorative element for the interior of the room.

Heating or Dutch oven

The design of a brick oven for a house, the drawings of which are given below, is the simplest, due to the minimum of structural elements in its manufacture. In addition, such an oven assumes the lowest fuel consumption.

One of the main advantages is the ability to fit it into almost any room. In this case, a similar oven made of bricks for home warms up fairly quickly, in just 1.5-2 hours, however, and cools quite quickly in comparison with other types of furnaces.

Among the shortcomings, we can note a rather low efficiency - less than 40%. In addition, to build a water heater in it, you will have to thoroughly break your head. The problem is that the flow of hot air that moves in the furnace can not be disturbed by the inclusion of additional elements. This leads, first, to a large decrease in efficiency, and secondly, to the appearance of a large amount of soot.

Cooking ovens

"Cooktop" does not mean at all that this stove is not capable of heating the house, with a room of up to 50 square meters. M she can quite handle. However, its main function is still cooking, so the main heat goes exactly to heating a thick cast-iron plate with two burners. Cast iron is used to increase heat transfer.

The main advantage of such a stove is the possibility of cooking in a place where there are frequent interruptions of electricity, besides, on food, any food is much more delicious. It is advantageous to install a similar furnace of brick for the house, on wood, and for cooking livestock and poultry, steaming cereals and drying dried fruit. In addition, the design of the furnace involves using it in the summer, when excessive heat in the house is not done.

Lack of a cooking stove - it is unrealistic to use for high-grade heating in the winter. Even if you increase the overall dimensions of the device, this will not enhance its efficiency. Therefore, as an alternative, a conventional variant is used, which combines the advantages of both types, while successfully compensating for their shortcomings.

Heating and cooking ovens

The most preferable option for permanent housing are home furnishings from brick heating and cooking, combining all the functions of these devices. In addition, such furnaces can be easily oriented in the room to get the most effective warming of the dwelling, and a standard set of basic characteristics can be supplemented with an oven, a niche for drying, a deckchair and a water tank. It all depends on the design of the heating and cooking oven that you select.

For heating in such furnaces, a channel or bell-shaped structure is used, each of which has its own advantages. A duct oven made of bricks for the house, on wood, warms the room faster, while the hood - allows maintaining the optimum temperature for a long time. Therefore, for an apartment house it is better to use a variant that combines these two structures.

Traditional Russian oven

The most common is a Russian oven, which can be used in two different modes. In summer, it is used exclusively for the cooking process, due to the fact that the heating channels are closed by an additional flap and hot gas goes directly to the chimney. In winter, the damper is opened, which ensures warming of the room. In the Russian oven, as a rule, an oven is built in, which is an original additional heat accumulator.

Often, a heated lounger is added to the house oven made of bricks by using hoods that are carried out without loss of efficiency of the whole device.

The disadvantage of the Russian oven is mainly its rather impressive dimensions due to the removal of the cooking surface separately from the body.

The Swedish oven

Another version of cooking and heating stoves. This is a more compact device in which the hob hides in the recess. In addition, in addition to the plate there is a special niche for drying various herbs, berries and other products.

What else is called such a furnace for a house made of bricks - "Swede". Such a device has a lot of advantages in comparison with other stoves. Due to its design, the device has the highest coefficient of efficiency - more than 60%, since the heating channels go to the whole oven from the brick for the house. Comments using a similar furnace note that with small dimensions such a structure is capable of heating up to 70 sq.m of living space.

It can also be used in different operating modes, while the possibility of smoke due to the special features of the chimney design is virtually eliminated. In addition, a similar furnace can be combined with a fireplace, when both devices will use a single chimney. If you place this design on the border of the living room and kitchen, then in the working room you will get a real oven with all the necessary attributes, and in the living room a cozy fireplace.

Stove-fireplace

The advantages of a fireplace furnace are not even worth describing. Of course, you can not cook borscht or cutlets on it, but one kind of open living fire can transform the whole view of even the most ordinary housing. In addition, it perfectly copes with the function of heating the room, and the fireplace will quickly warm up from the frost.

This structure has two fireboxes - open and closed, which allows to heat the room in two modes. Use the fireplace only from time to time, and in most cases to operate a conventional closed firebox.

Such home furnishings made of bricks, with the right design, can take up very little space and have a low weight, so in most cases it is not necessary for them to perform a separate foundation. In addition, fireplaces are able to use as fuel not only wood and coal, but also various briquettes, which increases their profitability.