FSO: an abbreviation. FSO of Russia: service, academy and address

The system of law enforcement agencies in any country in the world includes in its structure a large number of departments, each of which performs a certain list of certain functions. One is the task of conducting operative investigation work in order to identify foreign spies (counterintelligence), others must deal with the disclosure of criminal crimes, while others perform functions to protect officials. Strange as it may seem, but in almost every state there are special security agencies that operate on a par with private security firms or military companies. The creation of such bodies is connected with the need to ensure the protection of the highest ranks of the state, important politicians, diplomats, etc. To entrust such an important task to a private organization is simply silly, because it does not give guarantees about the actions of its subordinates. In addition, their qualifications also raise great doubts. Thus, state departments are created, on which the function of protection entirely falls. In this article, we will talk about a similar department in the system of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation, which is called the Federal Guard Service.

General information about FSO

The FSO of Russia is a service of federal security, which is a special service and is engaged in the protection of senior government officials, leaders of the country, as well as ensuring safe and secure communications. This agency is part of the services that ensure the security of the country. This means that the FSO of Russia is empowered to conduct operational search activities, along with the FSB, GFS, SVR, etc. The service in this structure is taken by citizens of the Russian Federation for state civil service in the FSO security agencies, as well as contract servicemen. It is necessary to note the competently created and effective organizational structure of FSO. Deciphering the abbreviation of the service makes it clear what functions are assigned to the structure, but many people are not aware of some of the powers. Before proceeding to the consideration of the functions of the organ, one must study in detail its rich history.

Security authorities in the tsarist period

The history of state protection dates back to the XVII century. The founder of the structure, which would protect only the king, was Artamanov Matvey. This man for the first time in history proposed to allocate a certain number of people from the streltsy regiments to protect the king. Nevertheless, such units were not professional. By and large, they were created from ordinary military men. Such an organization showed its unreliability during the Decembrist uprising in 1825, when many "tsarist guards" went over to the side of the insurgents. The first state protection agency in the history of Russia appeared only in 1881. Its structure included many units, each of which fulfilled its functions.

9th KGB Department

With the fall of the autocracy, the need to ensure the security of the highest government ranks has not disappeared. This issue became very acute in the Soviet times. It was necessary to ensure the protection of the entire communist elite, on which the totalitarian apparatus was held. The task of such importance could be entrusted "in the hands of" only one body of the USSR - the KGB. The 9th department of this law-enforcement agency is considered the progenitor FSO of Russia. The Office was engaged in the protection of senior government leaders and the Communist Party. The selection of officers was quite serious. The service was taken by physically trained, highly intellectual men who had military training. Virtually the entire party and political elite was provided with professional guards of the 9th KGB Directorate.

The leaders guarded by the 9th Department

Among the "clients" of this agency were such prominent politicians as Mikhail Sergeevich Solomentsev (head of the party control committee), Anatoly Lukyanov (chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1991), Boris Karlovich Pugo, Nikita Khrushchev and others. In 1991, the department was withdrawn from the KGB, and in 1996 the FSO was created, the decipherment of which reads as follows: the Federal Guard Service.

Principles of work and regulatory framework

FSO RF is a federal body that provides security for certain objects of state protection on the basis of legal, operational-search, security, organizational and other measures. The legal basis of the structure is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, other regulatory and legal acts that regulate the range of issues in the field of the structure. An important role is played out by international treaties, which are also part of the legal framework for the activities of the Federal Security Service. There are a number of internal regulations governing the work of the FSO. In the process of activities, this department adheres to the principles, namely:

- respect for and observance of the fundamental rights and freedoms of a citizen and a person;

- legality of actions;

- interaction with other bodies for the purpose of ensuring security;

- a combination of vowels and unspoken methods in the process of work;

- Supervision and control.

From all of the above, it follows that the activities of the FSO are purely democratic and transparent, although the level of secrecy within the structure is quite large.

The main tasks performed by FSO

The activity of the body is headed by the President of the Russian Federation. The main tasks of the body are as follows:

1) Ensuring the security of security facilities in the place of their permanent and immediate stay, as well as in the process of their movement.

2) Identification, prediction of the threat that may arise for the objects of protection, as well as the implementation of all necessary measures to eliminate it.

3) Suppression of any encroachment on the object of protection.

4) Suppression and prevention of crimes and other offenses at security facilities or in the field of their stay.

5) Constant protection of security objects.

6) All possible assistance in the fight against terrorism.

7) Ensuring the security of communications.

8) Counteraction to information intelligence and provision of secret state communications.

9) Ensuring the personal safety of employees and the management of FSO.

Academy of the FSO of Russia

New staff for federal security are trained and trained. Service in FSO is available to every physically developed adult young man who has military training or higher education. Most of the staff comes from a higher education institution that trains specialists for the Federal Service. The FSO Academy was founded in 1966. For the years of its existence this educational institution changed its name many times, nevertheless its functions remained unchanged. The FSO Academy is a part of the bodies providing state protection. It provides higher professional education, which provides military service. The term of study can vary from 5 to 6 years, depending on the specialty. The academy provides education in the following specialties:

- radio communication;

- Information Security;

- Multichannel telecommunication systems;

- communication systems, networks;

- Legal security (law faculty).

After graduation, cadets must complete 5 years of service, while they are awarded the military rank of lieutenant. Thus, the FSO Academy is a higher educational institution, training specialists for the Federal Guard Service in the Russian Federation. Today it is one of the most prestigious institutions in the Russian Federation.

Presidential Security Service

The unit involved in the physical protection of the president is special in the FSO system. Deciphering his activities is impossible, because information about his work is classified as a state secret. For today it is one of the most elite divisions of the Russian Federation. His staff provides physical protection for the president of the Russian Federation, and also conducts special work to prevent and prevent an assassination attempt on the president.

Conclusion

So, we got acquainted with the history, functions and main tasks of FSO. Decryption of all data about the work of this service is impossible, because its activity is classified. Nevertheless, the article lists all the normative documents, according to which the Federal Service fulfills its functions. Given the secrecy, anyone can make a request or personally to the FSO of Russia. Address Service in the capital can be found in the directory, although it is known to all: Russia, Moscow, the Kremlin.