Fish of the Red Book: Species, Photo

Every year the Red Book of Russia is replenished with new names of the animal world. The reasons for the disappearance of whole species are diverse, and each specimen requires attention, assistance. Today we decided to write about what fish in the Red Book of our country are available at this time, describe the most interesting and rare representatives living in the seas, lakes and rivers of Russia.

Beluga Azov

In the basin of the Sea of Azov, this species of fish lives, during the spawning season it rises into rivers. This beluga is noteworthy in that it was commercial from the sixth century BC until 1986, and its annual production reached one and a half thousand tons.

Adult individuals grow to a length of up to 4.5 meters, their weight is about 750 kilograms. The eggs of Azov beluga also differ in size and can be up to four millimeters in diameter each. Sexual maturity of beluga males occurs at the age of 12-14 years, and in females in 16-18. Such fish are considered adult individuals who have not reached this age - juveniles.

These fish, listed in the Red Book of Russia, are on the verge of extinction, to date their exact numbers are unknown, but there are probably no more than twelve thousand adults left, the same young. The beluga began to disappear from the face of the Earth after the Tsimlyansk dam was built on the Don, and Fedorovsky hydro-power plant in the Kuban. These buildings almost completely cut off the main spawning grounds of these huge fish.

Since 1986, it has been completely forbidden to catch beluga for consumption, for sale. Producers try to increase the number of fish, breeding them artificially. To date, almost all herds of this species, living in the sea, are the result of their cultivation by man.

Sturgeon Sakhalin

Fishes of the Red Book are of special value to people. They are strictly protected by law, but poachers find loopholes, and the efforts of breeders to artificially increase the population are not always crowned with success. Thus, the Sakhalin sturgeon remains only about one and a half thousand individuals.

Photos of the Red Book fish, including sturgeon, are presented in our article. The Sakhalin species is on the verge of extinction and is inscribed in the first category of extinction. Until the seventies of the last century these fish were barbarously exterminated, their caviar was of particular value.

Adult individuals are not particularly large in size and rarely grow to two meters. The average weight of the sexually mature Sakhalin sturgeon is 60 kilograms. On the territory of Russia, this species is found in the Tatar Strait and some of the rivers of Sakhalin and the Khabarovsk Territory flowing into it, for today the only reliable river is Tumnin.

To preserve the species and increase its number, work has begun on its artificial breeding. Breeders need the help of the authorities to clear spawning areas from drowned forests, garbage, in the additional creation of ponds.

Sterlet

The fish of the Red Book of Russia suffer not only because of uncontrolled catching, but also from polluted water bodies. So, the freshwater sterlet is on the verge of extinction and complete extinction.

Earlier these fish, listed in the Red Data Book of Russia now, lived everywhere in the Black Sea basins, the Volga River, the Kuban, the Dnieper, the Desna, the Don, the Urals, and many others. Due to dirty water in many places this species is found only in single specimens, and in some cases it disappeared, as on the Kuban River.

The adult sterlet is small. Its length is from 40 to 60 centimeters, the average weight ranges from five hundred grams to two kilograms.

To preserve the species, the rivers are cleaned, many enterprises were forbidden to merge production waste into reservoirs, finding them to be poisonous. The first successes are already noticeable, in the basins of the Kama and the Volga, the number of sterlets has already been significantly increased.

Herring Volga

The species of fish in the Red Book are diverse, but almost all are commercial. Volga herring was once considered the most numerous, it was produced in the year more than half a billion pieces. Today this species is under protection, its numbers continue to decline due to pollution of the Volga River (the main spawning site), dam construction.

At this time, no measures are taken to preserve this fish of the Red Book. Increase the number will help improve the environmental situation and create artificial pools for breeding.

Salmon lake

In the basins of the Baltic and White Seas, these Red Book fish live. They spawn into the rivers to spawn, they swim in the lakes. Fish of small sizes: up to 40 centimeters in length and up to 600 grams in weight. The number of lake salmon has declined sharply since the beginning of the last century. On the verge of extinction, these fish were for three reasons:

• Uncontrolled catch for commercial purposes;
• Pollution of rivers with waste, felled forest;
• Construction of dams, with which passages for spawning were closed.

At the moment, work is being done to preserve the species and increase the population. Rivers are cleared, natural reserves are created.

Tulka Abrauskaya

Some species of fish included in the Red Book did not even try to save. This happened with the tullet. These fish are very small, grow to just four centimeters. The only habitat is the Abrau lake of the Krasnodar Territory.

Back in the fifties of the last century, tulk was caught in 200 or more pieces at a time, now it is not known whether the species survived at all. This fish disappeared due to the artificial settling of a predatory pike perch in the lake.

In order to try to preserve the Abrau tulk, it is necessary to carefully examine the lake in order to find the surviving specimens, if any. Kreokonservirovat genome, grow fish in other lakes, the water area which is similar to the habitual habitat of the tulka, and without a large number of predators.

Long Range Palia Svetovidova

In the basin of the Anadyr River, Lake Elgygytgyn, this species lives in large numbers. In the Red Book, the paly was due to the fact that it does not occur anywhere else. For one catch it is possible to extract more than two hundred pieces of fish.

The length of the long-legged palyi reaches thirty-three centimeters, weighing an average of six hundred grams. This rare species is the only representative of its kind, therefore it is strictly guarded.

In order to avoid the extinction of the palia, the lake was given the status of a natural monument. To increase the population and the possibility of breeding it in other water bodies close to the water area to Elgygytgyn, it is necessary to conserve the genome.

Lenok

It is the dapple species that is listed in the Red Data Book. Its number has significantly decreased in comparison with the seventies of the last century. Inhabit lenok only in crystal clear mountain rivers with a rapid current and lakes. The species is on the verge of extinction.

These fishes of the Red Book began to disappear for several reasons. In some lakes and rivers, lenoks completely disappeared due to water pollution with agricultural and chemical waste when developing territories by people. Most of the rivers became shallow because of the cutting down of the coastal forests. A considerable contribution to the disappearance of Lencka was made by people spraying the coastal forests with toxins from ticks. Also poachers in huge quantities caught this fish.

Adult lenok grows up to five kilograms in weight and up to eighty centimeters in length. For a large number of delicious fillets of it so people fell in love, so they were caught in large quantities.

At present, attempts are being made to increase the number of this species. The rivers and lakes are being cleared for repopulation of lenok. Malkov in the finished reservoirs will be transported from other habitats.

Bathrobe

Otherwise, these Red Fish are called trout trout. The species inhabits streams and shallow rivers with cold water and fast current. Dimensions of trout are small: up to thirty centimeters in length, the average weight is half a kilogram.

Fish, listed in the Red Book of Russia, in some rivers completely disappeared due to uncontrolled fishing, pollution of habitats, shallowing or complete drying of streams.

In some areas of Russia, work began to preserve the species, increasing numbers. For example, in Bashkortostan and the Tver region there are nature reserves. We consider artificial cultivation for settling in rivers and streams.

Shig Volkhov

These fish were commercial until the seventies. Annually more than sixty thousand pieces of whitefish were mined. To date, their number reaches only sixteen thousand.

Shig is powerful, fleshy. Its length is up to sixty centimeters, weight can reach a kilogram.

Not only the uncontrolled catch, but also the pollution of reservoirs, the construction of dams affected the sharp decline in numbers. Because of unnatural obstacles on the way to spawning, many fish died.

Currently, work is in progress to restore numbers. The artificial cultivation of fry, the cultivation of whitefish is already in full swing. Clear passage to the spawning grounds, artificial ones are created.

Pereslavlskaya raspushka

These fish live exclusively in Pleshcheevo Lake (the former Pereslavl), which is in the Yaroslavl region. This lake Veksoy and Bolshoy Nerlju is connected to the Volga.

Ryapushka loves cold water with plenty of oxygen. Previously, it inhabited the entire lake (50 square kilometers), now it occurs only in some parts of it, as it became warmer, with less oxygen. Due to the rising temperature of the water, the vendace has gone to the depths, and only at night, when the water cools, it rises in the middle and upper waters.

The temperature of the water increased because of the reduced flow of the lake. It is already in a smaller amount of water gets into, as the marshes and rivers were dried up. Most of the rivers and streams have become shallow because of cutting down the coastal forests. The number of the vendace has decreased noticeably, now its catch is only five percent of what it was possible to mine back in the eighties. How many individuals are left, it is not known exactly.

To preserve the species in 1975, Lake Plescheevo was recognized as a natural monument. From it in the direction of increased flows of industrial enterprises. On the lake it is forbidden to move on motor boats. Prohibited catching vendace.

Bream black Amur

This species is on the verge of extinction. In China, its numbers are under control, in Russia, bream is found only in the Amur River basin, in the Ussuri River, its numbers continue to decline.

With a length of no more than sixty centimeters this fish is gaining weight to three kilograms.

Reducing the water content of the Amur promotes the disappearance of the species. In China, the main spawning grounds for this bream are located. Uncontrolled capture in these territories leads to a reduction in the population in Russia. An important role in reducing the number of water pollution played. The exact number of black bream in the Amur is not known. It is very rarely found when catching other species of fish.

For the preservation of the species since 1981, the catch of Amur black bream on the territory of Russia is prohibited.

On the question of what kind of fish are listed in the Red Book, no one will definitely answer. Each year the list is replenished, or some species are removed from it due to the fact that they completely disappeared or the number was restored. We hope that due to the preservation of species, the lists will decrease more often.