Electronic declaring of goods. Electronic declaring center

Electronic declaration of goods is a declaration submitted by the declarant using a special form, with a description of the exact information on goods that move across the customs border of the Russian Federation in which the relevant customs operation is elected. The filing of the declaration is carried out using special software tools, as well as the Internet.

Concept

Electronic customs declaration of goods is fixed by law. Already starting from January 1, 2014, it is necessary to carry out electronic filing. The main provisions can be seen in the Customs Union Code. And also special attention should be paid to the strategy of development of customs bodies until 2020. One of the provisions of the strategy is devoted to a complete transition to the way in which there should be a system of electronic declaration of goods, as well as vehicles. By 2020, the percentage of filing such declarations should be 100%.

A big "but" ...

However, it should be noted that it will be difficult to arrive at 100% filing of documents in electronic form and, probably, even impossible. This is primarily due to the fact that there are cases when the declarant is required to submit additional information about the cargo.

The first thing you need to pay attention to is the activity connected with the state secret. Such goods, based on the choice of the declarant, can be declared in writing.

The next category of goods are those that fall under special procedures. By such means: destruction, refusal in favor of the state, a special customs procedure.

The following types of goods are postal shipments, special categories of dispatches from foreign persons, for example, from diplomatic representatives of foreign states.

It is interesting that military goods are classified as a separate category of goods, they also have the possibility of written declarations. The reasons for this decision of the Government of the Russian Federation are not clear. Apparently, this is done for security reasons.

Simplicity

Electronic tax declaration, as a consequence of the declaration of goods, has special advantages over the paper version. First of all, it should be noted that according to the same development strategy, the deadline for processing the customs declaration should be reduced to 20 hours. But the realization of such possibilities with a written medium of information is impossible. The system of electronic declaration of goods solves this problem: the acceptance time has decreased many times. The average time is only two hours.

The following is the implementation of the specified procedures in the declaration in an automatic mode. This means that after acceptance it is not necessary to go to another department and wait until your document is given the status of "Approved" and you will be allowed to perform the requested procedure.

If the topic of time is mentioned, then it should be noted that the number of hours that the electronic declaration takes, namely the design and inspection by the inspector, are no less important. Earlier this figure was two working days. Since the electronic form of declaring goods has entered into force, the period has decreased to 3 hours. Maneuverability and speed of data processing allows you to check the form of declarations automatically.

Equally important is the fact that customs control is automatic. That is, the customs service does not need to carry out one of the forms of control, since software tools do it for them. For example, the program checks the correspondence of filled columns with additional documents. Or checks the accuracy of the calculation of customs value. A complete list of all forms of control in this case is closed.

And of course, you need to mention the distance. Sometimes it happens that it is impossible to appear at a customs post to file a declaration due to remoteness or other reasons. For such cases, an electronic form is accepted at any customs post. Agree, it is more convenient, not looking up from the workplace, to submit a form than to rush to the customs point, and then still stand in line.

Long way

Any electronic declaration of goods passes several stages before the release of the goods on the basis of a registered and accepted declaration.

First, of course, you must fill out the declaration using a special program. Since each graph contains its own special classification, an instruction will be needed to fill it. It can be found on legal websites. The full content with the latest changes in the filling is in the decision of the Commission of the Customs Union No. 257, which was adopted on May 20, 2010.

The next stage is the formalization of the necessary documents. This stage involves the collection of a package of securities, which is necessary for filing a declaration. It is important to remember that their list will vary depending on the chosen customs procedure. For example, if there is an import or export of the imported lot, then the information confirming the fulfillment of the foreign economic transaction is necessarily attached. In addition to the basic, you may need documents confirming the value of the goods. To such, for example, can be attributed information confirming the origin of the goods. This is due to the fact that the cost directly depends on the country of production of the consignment.

Then the collected information packets must be processed and registered. To do this, you need to use a special portal.

Release

The following procedure takes place in manual mode. It is aimed at finding errors that the program is not able to detect. At this stage, the customs inspector checks the contents of the received documents. Since they are sent to the customs post, then the inspection is carried out at the place of acceptance.

Afterwards, if all the conditions for declaring are fulfilled, namely compliance with prohibitions and restrictions, payment of customs duties, taxes and other criteria, the goods are released.

Present day

To date, the share of goods that have been issued using electronic customs declaration of goods is 99.81% of the total volume of filed declarations. The remaining 0.19% are goods with special, legally enforceable rights, which were described earlier in the article.

If we go into the exact figures, from the beginning of 2015 to April 30 of the same year, 1,133,390 declarations were issued. Of these 2,218 were recorded using written declarations.

After electronic declaration has become an obligatory component for the movement of goods across the state border of the Russian Federation, a report on the number of accepted declarations is being formed. Information on an ongoing basis is published on the websites of the customs and FCS of Russia.

History

The very first electronic form of declaring goods in the Russian Federation was issued back in 2002. Then the technology "ED-1" was used. The meaning of this technology was that a special communication channel was used for data transmission. Naturally, such a method involved large financial costs. It was connected not so much with the costs of the communication channel itself, but with the volumes of electronic declarations: they were insignificant.

After "ED-1" showed its effectiveness, but with some flaws, the technology "ED-2" was created. These implementations meant using an Internet connection instead of a special communication channel. This was the impetus for introducing the method into mass circulation.

Electronic declaring center

2012 for the Federal Customs Service of Russia is significant in that it became possible to file a declaration without leaving home via the Internet using a specialized portal. It should be noted that the project was created on the basis of modern technologies and provided an opportunity to get rid of special software for participants in foreign economic activity. So now the submission of declarations became possible for all other interested persons. This became a prerequisite for the transition to mandatory electronic customs declaration of goods.

In this regard, there was a need to create an electronic declaration center. Such structures implied customs posts, in which the customs procedure took place only in electronic form. This means that the release of goods occurred in a remote mode.

To date, there are 26 centers of electronic declaration of goods. They are located in all federal districts. According to statistics, it is clear that more than 90% of all registered declarations fall precisely on these CEDs.

Advantages and disadvantages

Undoubtedly, an important advantage of these centers is that the filing of a declaration can be carried out from any region. In case there are any questions, there is always a connection between the inspector who checks the documentation, and the declarant or his representative. Also, no less important advantage can be considered that the centers provide an opportunity to confirm the receipt of goods.

As mentioned before, the advantage of ED is that the period of release of goods is reduced. With electronic declaration, the release takes from 3 hours. Customs clearance is also simplified due to the fact that all archival data, including deliveries, are stored on the customs server.

Of course, there are disadvantages when working with CSD. For example, with which participants of foreign trade activities often collide - inconsistency of cost. Also the formalization of documents. Since the submission of the declaration is carried out electronically, the formalization remains unchanged. And, perhaps, the most important disadvantage is that the customs do not always cooperate with the centers. This is primarily due to the fact that payments from declarations do not come through customs posts. And this means that the overall indicator of customs will be less. This factor leads to the fact that the total time for registration is extended.

Prospects

After the transition from a paper version to an electronic version was completed on January 1, 2015, one should think about how to cope with the load that goes to customs. Of course, there will be no problems in those regions where foreign economic activity is not going so fast, as, for example, in Moscow. However, the loaded sectors will have to redistribute the entire data stream. In the long term, the distribution will be carried out by the regions of the CED. This step will be necessary in order to establish relations with the member countries of the World Trade Organization. It should be remembered that the centers of electronic declaration were created primarily in order to facilitate and simplify the relationship between agents of foreign economic activity.